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Chapter 16 – SQL Catalogs

Note

You are reading a digital copy of SQL-99 Complete, Really, a book that documents the SQL-99 standard.

For more information specific to CrateDB, check out the CrateDB Reference.

In this chapter, we’ll describe SQL Catalogs in detail, and show you the syntax to use to create, alter and destroy them.

Table of Contents

Catalog

A Cluster may contain zero or more Catalogs. An SQL Catalog is a named group of Schemas, one of which must be an Ur-Schema named INFORMATION_SCHEMA. (The INFORMATION_SCHEMA Schema is a set of Views and Domains that contain the descriptions of all the SQL-data belonging to that Catalog.) Catalogs are dependent on some Cluster – the <Catalog name> must be unique within the Cluster the Catalog belongs to – and are created and dropped using implementation-defined methods.

Schemas are known as Catalog Objects and, as already stated, a Catalog may consist of one or more Schemas. The Catalog’s name qualifies the names of the Schemas that belong to it, and can either be explicitly stated, or a default name will be supplied by your DBMS.

[NON-PORTABLE] SQL does not include any CREATE CATALOG, OPEN CATALOG or DROP CATALOG statements. The method you’ll use to access a Catalog with your DBMS is thus non-standard because the SQL Standard requires implementors to define how a Catalog comes into being, how it may be accessed and how it may be destroyed.

[OCELOT Implementation] applies for the rest of this section.

The OCELOT DBMS that comes with this book considers a Catalog to be either a directory on your storage device (not necessarily the same device used to store the enclosing Cluster) or a subdirectory within the Cluster directory, e.g., either of these following would represent a Catalog:

C:\CATALOG
C:\CLUSTER\CATALOG

OCELOT’s method of creating and connecting to Catalogs depends on the way you choose to begin a SQL session.

• When you run a Module defined with a MODULE statement that includes an explicit <Catalog name> in the SCHEMA clause or AUTHORIZATION clause, the DBMS will search, on the default Cluster directory, for a subdirectory with a name that matches that <Catalog name>. If the subdirectory can’t be found, the DBMS will search for a directory with the same name. If the directory can’t be found, it will be created and opened.

• If the MODULE statement doesn’t provide an explicit <Catalog name>, or if you’re not running a Module, the DBMS will open a subdirectory or directory named OCELOT.

Catalog Names:

A <Catalog name> identifies a Catalog and is never explicitly qualified with the name of the SQL-server (or Cluster) it belongs to. The required syntax for a <Catalog name> is as follows.

<Catalog name> ::=
string

[NON-PORTABLE] A <Catalog name> is a <regular identifier> or <delimited identifier> that is unique (for all Catalogs) within the Cluster it belongs to, but is non-standard because the SQL Standard requires implementors to define what a <Catalog name> may be. [OCELOT Implementation] The OCELOT DBMS that comes with this book requires a <Catalog name> to follow the rules for a directory name or a subdirectory name on the operating system in use; generally it may include [drive:] and [upper-level name(s)] and name. The <SQL-server name> which implicitly qualifies an OCELOT <Catalog name> identifies the Cluster that the Catalog belongs to, and is the same as the <SQL-server name> argument of the most recent CONNECT TO statement issued for the SQL-session during which the Catalog was created.

Here is an example of a possible <Catalog name>s.

CATALOG_1

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, don’t use explicit <Catalog name>s.

The Information Schema

Every Catalog in your SQL-environment contains a Schema called INFORMATION_SCHEMA; it contains a series of Views, Assertions and Domains – together, they allow you to look at (but not change) the description of every Object that belongs to the Catalog, as though it was regular SQL-data. The SELECT Privilege is granted to PUBLIC WITH GRANT OPTION on every View in INFORMATION_SCHEMA; the intent is that you will only be able to see those rows that describe Objects on which you have Privileges. The USAGE Privilege is also granted to PUBLIC WITH GRANT OPTION on every Domain in INFORMATION_SCHEMA.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA also contains the definition of every built-in SQL function, that is, every function that you can use as part of SQL (for example: ABS, CHAR_LENGTH, CARDINALITY, etc.). The EXECUTE Privilege is granted to PUBLIC on each one.

Note

The INFORMATION_SCHEMA Views are based on the Tables of an Ur-Schema called DEFINITION_SCHEMA, but the Standard doesn’t require it to actually exist – its purpose is merely to provide a data model to support INFORMATION_SCHEMA. If DEFINITION_SCHEMA did exist though, its Base tables would describe all the Objects and SQL-data available to an SQL-server at any time – that is, DEFINITION_SCHEMA would describe an SQL Cluster.

[NON-PORTABLE] The total number of Views in INFORMATION_SCHEMA, and their exact definition, is non-standard because the SQL Standard allows implementors to add additional Views, as well as to add additional Columns to the Standard- defined Views, to describe additional, implementation-defined features. However, except for one exception, the View descriptions that follow must all be supported by your SQL DBMS.

In SQL, INFORMATION_SCHEMA is the Schema that contains the Information Schema Tables, Assertions and Domains. It is considered to have been created by a CREATE SCHEMA statement that includes an AUTHORIZATION clause showing an <AuthorizationID> of INFORMATION_SCHEMA. A Standard INFORMATION_SCHEMA contains one Base table, one Assertion, four Domains and 52 Views. Their descriptions follow.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA Base tables

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME

Definition:

CREATE TABLE INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME (
      CATALOG_NAME SQL_IDENTIFIER,
      CONSTRAINT INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME_PRIMARY_KEY
            PRIMARY KEY (CATALOG_NAME),
      CONSTRAINT INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME_CHECK
            CHECK ((SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME)=1))

The INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME Base table identifies the Catalog that contains this Information Schema; the CATALOG_NAME Column contains the name of the relevant Catalog.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA Assertions

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME_CARDINALITY

Definition:

CREATE ASSERTION INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME_CARDINALITY
      CHECK (1=(SELECT COUNT(*) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME))

The INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME_CARDINALITY Assertion ensures that there is exactly one row in the INFORMATION_SCHEMA_CATALOG_NAME Table.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA Domains

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CARDINAL_NUMBER

Definition:

CREATE DOMAIN CARDINAL_NUMBER AS INTEGER
      CONSTRAINT CARDINAL_NUMBER_DOMAIN_CHECK
            CHECK (VALUE >= 0)

The set of CARDINAL_NUMBER values includes all non-negative numbers that are less than your DBMS’s defined maximum for INTEGER values. (Note: This is probably an error in the Standard: CARDINAL_NUMBER should include all non-negative numbers that are less than or equal to your DBMS’s defined maximum for INTEGER values.)

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CHARACTER_DATA

Definition:

CREATE DOMAIN CHARACTER_DATA AS CHARACTER VARYING(ML)
      CHARACTER SET SQL_TEXT

The set of CHARACTER_DATA values includes all character strings, from zero to ML characters long, that belong to the SQL_TEXT Character set. (ML is replaced by your DBMS’s defined maximum length for a variable-length character string.)

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SQL_IDENTIFIER

Definition:

CREATE DOMAIN SQL_IDENTIFIER AS CHARACTER VARYING(L)
      CHARACTER SET SQL_TEXT

The set of SQL_IDENTIFIER values includes all character strings, from one to L characters long, that are valid <regular identifier>s and <delimited identifier> bodies. (L is replaced by your DBMS’s defined maximum length for a <regular identifier> and <delimited identifier> body.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TIME_STAMP

Definition:

CREATE DOMAIN TIME_STAMP AS TIMESTAMP(2) DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(2)

The set of TIME_STAMP values includes an SQL timestamp value.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA Views

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ADMINISTRABLE_ROLE_AUTHORIZATIONS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
GRANTEE	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
ROLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
IS_GRANTABLE	CHARACTER_DATA	no

ADMINISTRABLE_ROLE_AUTHORIZATIONS shows the role authorizations that the current user may grant to others.

• GRANTEE and ROLE_NAME uniquely identify a role authorization which the current user may use.

• IS_GRANTABLE is ‘YES’ (the role authorization is grantable).

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ADMINISTRABLE_ROLE_AUTHORIZATIONS.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.APPLICABLE_ROLES

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
GRANTEE	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
ROLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
IS_GRANTABLE	CHARACTER_DATA	no

APPLICABLE_ROLES shows the role authorizations that the current user may use.

• GRANTEE and ROLE_NAME uniquely identify a role authorization that the current user may use.

• IS_GRANTABLE is either ‘YES’ (the role authorization is grantable) or ‘NO’ (the role authorization is not grantable).

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.APPLICABLE_ROLES.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ASSERTIONS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
CONSTRAINT_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CONSTRAINT_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
IS_DEFERRABLE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
INITIALLY_DEFERRED	CHARACTER_DATA	no

ASSERTIONS shows the Assertions in this Catalog that are owned by the current user.

• CONSTRAINT_CATALOG, CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA, CONSTRAINT_NAME uniquely identify an Assertion owned by the current user.

• IS_DEFERRABLE is either ‘YES’ (the Assertion is INITIALLY DEFERRED) or ‘NO’ (the Assertion is NOT DEFERRABLE).

• INITIALLY_DEFERRED is either ‘YES’ (the Assertion is INITIALLY DEFERRED) or ‘NO’ (the Assertion is INITIALLY IMMEDIATE).

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ASSERTIONS.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ATTRIBUTES

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
UDT_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
UDT_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
ATTRIBUTE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
ORDINAL_POSITION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	no
COLUMN_DEFAULT	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
IS_NULLABLE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
DATA_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
NUMERIC_PRECISION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
NUMERIC_SCALE	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
DATETIME_PRECISION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
INTERVAL_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
INTERVAL_PRECISION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
CHARACTER_SET_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
COLLATION_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
COLLATION_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
COLLATION_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
DOMAIN_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
DOMAIN_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
DOMAIN_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
CHECK_REFERENCES	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
CHECK_ACTION	CHARACTER_DATA	yes

ATTRIBUTES shows the Attributes of UDTs in this Catalog on wich the current user has Privileges.

• UDT_CATALOG, UDT_SCHEMA, UDT_NAME, ATTRIBUTE_NAME uniquely identify an Attribute on wich the current user has Privileges.

• ORDINAL_POSITION is the position of Attribute in its UDT. The first Attribute has ordinal position 1, the second Attribute has ordinal position 2, etc. Warning: the position can change if ALTER TYPE is used to drop an Attribute.

• COLUMN_DEFAULT shows the Attribute´s default value (presumably the DBMS will CAST the value if it must). IT will be NULL if the Attribute was defined without a DEFAULT clause (and presumably if it was defined with DEFAULT NULL). COLUMN_DEFAULT will be ‘TRUNCATED’ if the default value was too long to be stored.

• IS_NULLABLE is either ‘YES’ (the Attribute is possibly nullable) or ‘NO’ (the Attribute is known not nullable).

• DATA_TYPE shows the Attribute´s <data type>: either ‘BINARY LARGE OBJECT’, ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’, ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’, ‘REAL’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’, ‘BOOLEAN’, ‘USER-DEFINED TYPE’ – or something else, such as an implementation-defined data type.

• CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH shows the Attribute´s maximum lwngth in CHARACTER_SET_NAME(for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’) or in bits (for ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘BINARY LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH is NULL.

• CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH shows the Column’s maximum length in octets (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’, ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘BINARY LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH is NULL.

• NUMERIC_PRECISION shows the Column’s precision (for ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’, ‘REAL’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’). For other <data type>s, NUMERIC_PRECISION is NULL.

• NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX is either 2 or 10, depending on your DBMS (for ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’), 10 (for ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’), 2 (for ‘REAL’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’. For other <data type>s, NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX is NULL.

• NUMERIC_SCALE is either 0 (for ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’) or shows the Column’s scale (for ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’). For other <data type>s, NUMERIC_SCALE is NULL.

• DATETIME_PRECISION shows the Column’s fractional-seconds precision (for ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’). For other <data type>s, DATETIME_PRECISION is NULL.

• INTERVAL_TYPE shows the Column’s interval type (for ‘INTERVAL’): either ‘YEAR’, ‘MONTH’, ‘DAY’, ‘HOUR’, ‘MINUTE’, ‘SECOND’, ‘YEAR TO MONTH’, ‘DAY TO HOUR’, ‘DAY TO MINUTE’, ‘DAY TO SECOND’, ‘HOUR TO MINUTE’, ‘HOUR TO SECOND’, ‘MINUTE TO SECOND’. For other <data type>s, INTERVAL_TYPE is NULL.

• INTERVAL_PRECISION shows the Attribute´s precision for the interval leading field (for ‘INTERVAL’). For other <data type>s, INTERVAL_PRECISION is NULL.

• CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG, CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA, CHARACTER_SET_NAME uniquely identify a Character set the Attribute values belong to (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s these fields are NULL.

• COLLATION_CATALOG, COLLATION_SCHEMA, COLLATION_NAME uniquely identify the Attribute´s default Collation (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, these fields are NULL.

• DOMAIN_CATALOG, DOMAIN_SCHEMA, DOMAIN_NAME uniquely identify the Domain that the Attribute depends on. If no Domain was used in the Attribute definition, these fields are NULL.

• USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME uniquely identify the UDT which is the Attribute´s data type (if any); otherwise, these fields are NULL.

• CHECK_REFERENCES is NULL if the Attribute´s <data type> is not a reference type. Otherwise, CHECK_REFERENCES is ‘YES’ (reference values are checked) or ‘NO’ (reference values are not checked.)

• CHECK_ACTION is NULL if the Attribute´s <data type> is not a reference type. Otherwise, CHECK_ACTION is ‘NO ACTION’ (<refernece scope check action> is NO ACTION).

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ATTRIBUTES.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CHARACTER_SETS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CHARACTER_SET_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
FORM_OF_USE	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
NUMBER_OF_CHARACTERS	CARDINAL_NUMBER	no
DEFAULT_COLLATE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
DEFAULT_COLLATE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
DEFAULT_COLLATE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no

CHARACTER_SETS shows the Character sets in this Catalog on which the current user has Privileges.

• CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG, CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA, CHARACTER_SET_NAME, uniquely identify a Character set that the current user may use.

• FORM_OF_USE is a zero-length string. (Note: This may be an error in the Standart. FORM_OF_USE should probably name the Form-of-use for the Character set.)

• NUMBER_OF_CHARACTERS is a tero-length string. (Note: This is an error in the Standart. NUMBER_OF_CHARACTERS must be a number and therefore should probably show the number of characters in the Character set.)

• DEFAULT_COLLATE_CATALOG, DEFAULT_COLLATE_SCHEMA, DEFAULT_COLLATE_NAME uniquely identify the Character set´s default Collation.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CHECK_CONSTRAINTS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
CONSTRAINT_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CONSTRAINT_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CHECK_CLAUSE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes

CHECK_CONSTRAINTS shows the CHECK Constraints in this Catalog that are owned by the current user. (THis category includes the user´s Domain Constraints, Assertions and some TABLEConstraints.)

• CONSTRAINT_CATALOG, CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA, CONSTRAINT_NAME uniquely identify a CHECK Constraint owned by the current user.

• CHECK_CLAUSE shows the Constraint´s CHECK clause in full. It will be NULL if the CHECK clause was too long to be stored.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLLATIONS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
COLLATION_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
COLLATION_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
COLLATION_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CHARACTER_SET_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
PAD_ATTRIBUTE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
COLLATION_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
COLLATION_DEFINITION	CHARACTER_DATA	no
COLLATION_DICTIONARY	CHARACTER_DATA	no

COLLATIONS shows the Collations in this Catalog on which the current user has Privileges.

• COLLATION_CATALOG, COLLATION_SCHEMA, CHARACTER_NAME uniquely identify Collation that the current user may use.

• CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG, CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA, CHARACTER_SET_NAME uniquely identify the Character set of the Collation.

• PAD_ATTRIBUTE is either ‘NO PAD’ (the Collation has the NO PAD attribute) or ‘SPACE’ (the Collation has the PAD SPACE attribute).

• COLLATION_TYPE, COLLATION_DEFINITION, and COLLATION_DICTIONARY are zero-length strings. To date, the Standart makes no use of these fields.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLLATIONS.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
TABLE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
TABLE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
TABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
COLUMN_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
ORDINAL_POSITION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
COLUMN_DEFAULT	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
IS_NULLABLE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
DATA_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
NUMERIC_PRECISION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
NUMERIC_SCALE	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
DATETIME_PRECISION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
INTERVAL_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
INTERVAL_PRECISION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
CHARACTER_SET_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
COLLATION_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
COLLATION_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
COLLATION_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
DOMAIN_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
DOMAIN_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
DOMAIN_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
SCOPE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
SCOPE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
SCOPE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
IS_SELF_REFERENCING	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
CHECK_REFERENCES	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
CHECK_ACTION	CHARACTER_DATA	yes

COLUMNS shows the Columns in this Catalog that the current user has Privileges on.

• TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME uniquely

• identify a Column that the current user may use.

• ORDINAL_POSITION shows the position of the Column in its Table: the first Column has ordinal position 1, the second Column has ordinal position 2, etc. Warning: the position can change if ALTER TABLE is used to add or drop a Column.

• COLUMN_DEFAULT shows the Column’s default value (presumably the DBMS will CAST the value to a character string if it must). It will be NULL if the Column was defined without a DEFAULT clause (and presumably if it was defined with DEFAULT NULL) or if the Column’s default value comes only from a Domain. COLUMN_DEFAULT will be ‘TRUNCATED’ if the default value was too long to be stored.

• IS_NULLABLE is either ‘YES’ (the Column is possibly nullable) or ‘NO’ (the Column is known not nullable).

• DATA_TYPE shows the Column’s <data type>: either ‘BINARY LARGE OBJECT’, ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’, ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’, ‘REAL’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’, ‘BOOLEAN’, ‘USER-DEFINED TYPE’ – or something else, such as an implementation-defined data type.

• CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH shows the Column’s maximum length in characters (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’) or in bits (for ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘BINARY LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH is NULL.

• CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH shows the Column’s maximum length in octets (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’, ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘BINARY LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH is NULL.

• NUMERIC_PRECISION shows the Column’s precision (for ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’, ‘REAL’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’). For other <data type>s, NUMERIC_PRECISION is NULL.

• NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX is either 2 or 10, depending on your DBMS (for ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’), 10 (for ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’), 2 (for ‘REAL’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’. For other <data type>s, NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX is NULL.

• NUMERIC_SCALE is either 0 (for ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’) or shows the Column’s scale (for ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’). For other <data type>s, NUMERIC_SCALE is NULL.

• DATETIME_PRECISION shows the Column’s fractional-seconds precision (for ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’). For other <data type>s, DATETIME_PRECISION is NULL.

• INTERVAL_TYPE shows the Column’s interval type (for ‘INTERVAL’): either ‘YEAR’, ‘MONTH’, ‘DAY’, ‘HOUR’, ‘MINUTE’, ‘SECOND’, ‘YEAR TO MONTH’, ‘DAY TO HOUR’, ‘DAY TO MINUTE’, ‘DAY TO SECOND’, ‘HOUR TO MINUTE’, ‘HOUR TO SECOND’, ‘MINUTE TO SECOND’. For other <data type>s, INTERVAL_TYPE is NULL.

• INTERVAL_PRECISION shows the Column’s precision for the interval leading field (for ‘INTERVAL’). For other <data type>s, INTERVAL_PRECISION is NULL.

• CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG, CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA, CHARACTER_SET_NAME uniquely identify the Character set the Column values belong to (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, these fields are NULL.

• COLLATION_CATALOG, COLLATION_SCHEMA, COLLATION_NAME uniquely identify the Column’s default Collation (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, these fields are NULL.

• DOMAIN_CATALOG, DOMAIN_SCHEMA, DOMAIN_NAME uniquely identify the Domain that the Column depends on. If no Domain was used in the Column definition, these fields are NULL.

• USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME uniquely identify the UDT that the Column depends on. If the Column doesn’t use a UDT, these fields are NULL.

• CHECK_REFERENCES is NULL if the Column is part of a View or if its <data type> is not a reference type. Otherwise, CHECK_REFERENCES is ‘YES’ (reference values are checked) or ‘NO’ (reference values are not checked).

• CHECK_ACTION is NULL if the Column is part of a View or if its <data type> is not a reference type. Otherwise, CHECK_ACTION is ‘RESTRICT' (<reference scope check action> is RESTRICT) or ‘SET NULL' (<reference scope check action> is SET NULL).

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMN_DOMAIN_USAGE

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
DOMAIN_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
DOMAIN_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
DOMAIN_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
COLUMN_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no

COLUMN_DOMAIN_USAGE shows the Columns that depend on Domains in this Catalog, where the Domains are owned by the current user.

• DOMAIN_CATALOG, DOMAIN_SCHEMA, DOMAIN_NAME uniquely identify a Domain owned by the current user.

• TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME uniquely identify a Column that depends on the Domain.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMN_DOMAIN_USAGE.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMN_PRIVILEGES

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
GRANTOR	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
GRANTEE	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
COLUMN_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
PRIVILEGE_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
IS_GRANTABLE	CHARACTER_DATA	no

COLUMN_PRIVILEGES shows the Privileges on Columns belonging to Tables in this Catalog, where the Privileges are either available to, or granted by, the current user.

• GRANTOR shows the <AuthorizationID> of the user (or perhaps the Role) who granted the Privilege.

• GRANTEE shows the <AuthorizationID> of the user (or perhaps the Role) who may use the Privilege. By definition, if GRANTOR isn’t CURRENT_USER, then GRANTEE is either CURRENT_USER or ‘PUBLIC’.

• TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME uniquely identify a Column belonging to a Table in this Catalog.

• PRIVILEGE_TYPE shows the Privilege granted: either ‘INSERT’, ‘UPDATE’, ‘REFERENCES’, ‘SELECT’.

• IS_GRANTABLE is either ‘YES’ (Privilege was granted WITH GRANT OPTION) or ‘NO’ (Privilege was not granted WITH GRANT OPTION).

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMN_PRIVILEGES.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMN_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_USAGE

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
COLUMN_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no

COLUMN_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_USAGE shows the Columns that depend on a UDT in this Catalog, where the UDT is owned by the current user.

• USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME uniquely identify a UDT that belongs to the current user.

• TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME uniquely identify a Column that depends on the UDT.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMN_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_USAGE.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
TABLE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
COLUMN_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CONSTRAINT_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CONSTRAINT_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no

CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE shows the Columns used by any Constraint or Assertion in this Catalog, where the Constraint or Assertion is owned by the current user.

• TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME uniquely identify a Column that appears in a Constraint/Assertion.

• CONSTRAINT_CATALOG, CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA, CONSTRAINT_NAME uniquely identify the Constraint/Assertion that uses the Column. The Constraint/Assertion is owned by the current user.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_TABLE_USAGE

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
TABLE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CONSTRAINT_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CONSTRAINT_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no

CONSTRAINT_TABLE_USAGE shows the Tables used by any Constraint or Assertion in this Catalog, where the Constraint or Assertion is owned by the current user.

• TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME uniquely identify a Table that appears in a Constraint/Assertion.

• CONSTRAINT_CATALOG, CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA, CONSTRAINT_NAME uniquely identify the Constraint/Assertion that uses the Table. The Constraint/Assertion is owned by the current user.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_TABLE_USAGE.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.DIRECT_SUPERTABLES

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
TABLE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SUPERTABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no

DIRECT_SUPERTABLES shows the direct subtables in this Catalog that are related to a supertable, where the subtables are owned by the current user.

• TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME uniquely identify a Table owned by the current user.

• SUPERTABLE_NAME identifies the related supertable for the Table.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.DIRECT_SUPERTABLES.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.DIRECT_SUPERTYPES

This view has the following Column:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SUPERTYPE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SUPERTYPE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SUPERTYPE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no

DIRECT_SUPERTYPES shows the direct subtypes in this Catalog that are related to a supertype where subtypes are owned by the current user.

• USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME uniquely identify a UDT owned by the current user.

• SUPERTYPE_CATALOG, SUPERTYPE_SCHEMA, SUPERTYPE_NAME uniquely identify the related supertype for the UDT.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.DIRECT_SUPERTYPES.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.DOMAINS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
DOMAIN_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
DOMAIN_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
DOMAIN_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
DATA_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
COLLATION_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
COLLATION_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
COLLATION_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
CHARACTER_SET_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
NUMERIC_PRECISION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
NUMERIC_SCALE	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
DATETIME_PRECISION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
INTERVAL_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
INTERVAL_PRECISION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
DOMAIN_DEFAULT	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes

DOMAINS shows the Domains in this Catalog that the current user has Privileges on.

• DOMAIN_CATALOG, DOMAIN_SCHEMA, DOMAIN_NAME uniquely identify a Domain that the current user may use, either because of a USAGE Privilege directly on the Domain or because of a Privilege on any Column that depends on the Domain.

• DATA_TYPE shows the Domain’s <data type>: either ‘BINARY LARGE OBJECT’, ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’, ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’, ‘REAL’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’, ‘BOOLEAN’, ‘USER-DEFINED TYPE’ – or something else, such as an implementation-defined data type.

• CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH shows the Domain’s maximum length in characters (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’) or in bits (for ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘BINARY LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH is NULL.

• CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH shows the Domain’s maximum length in octets (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’, ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘BINARY LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH is NULL.

• COLLATION_CATALOG, COLLATION_SCHEMA, COLLATION_NAME uniquely identify the Domain’s default Collation (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, these fields are NULL.

• CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG, CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA, CHARACTER_SET_NAME uniquely identify the Character set the Domain values belong to (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, these fields are NULL.

• NUMERIC_PRECISION shows the Domain’s precision (for ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’, ‘REAL’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’). For other <data type>s, NUMERIC_PRECISION is NULL.

• NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX is either 2 or 10, depending on your DBMS (for ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’), 10 (for ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’), 2 (for ‘REAL’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’. For other <data type>s, NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX is NULL.

• NUMERIC_SCALE is either 0 (for ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’) or shows the Domain’s scale (for ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’). For other <data type>s, NUMERIC_SCALE is NULL.

• DATETIME_PRECISION shows the Domain’s fractional-seconds precision (for ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’). For other <data type>s, DATETIME_PRECISION is NULL.

• INTERVAL_TYPE shows the Domain’s interval type (for ‘INTERVAL’): either ‘YEAR’, ‘MONTH’, ‘DAY’, ‘HOUR’, ‘MINUTE’, ‘SECOND’, ‘YEAR TO MONTH’, ‘DAY TO HOUR’, ‘DAY TO MINUTE’, ‘DAY TO SECOND’, ‘HOUR TO MINUTE’, ‘HOUR TO SECOND’, ‘MINUTE TO SECOND’. For other <data type>s, INTERVAL_TYPE is NULL.

• INTERVAL_PRECISION shows the Domain’s precision for the interval leading field (for ‘INTERVAL’). For other <data type>s, INTERVAL_PRECISION is NULL.

• DOMAIN_DEFAULT shows the Domain’s default value (presumably the DBMS will CAST the value to a character string if it must). It will be NULL if the Domain was defined without a DEFAULT clause (and presumably if it was defined with DEFAULT NULL). DOMAIN_DEFAULT will be ‘TRUNCATED’ if the default value was too long to be stored.

• USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME uniquely identify the UDT that the Domain depends on. If the Domain doesn’t use a UDT, these fields are NULL.

-SCOPE_CATALOG, SCOPE_SCHEMA, SCOPE_NAME uniquely identify the -Domain´s scope Table. IF the Domain has no scope, these fields are NULL.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.DOMAINS.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.DOMAIN_CONSTRAINTS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
CONSTRAINT_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CONSTRAINT_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
DOMAIN_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
DOMAIN_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
DOMAIN_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
IS_DEFERRABLE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
INITIALLY_DEFERRED	CHARACTER_DATA	no

DOMAIN_CONSTRAINTS shows the Domain Constraints (i.e.: the Constraints defined on Domains in this Catalog) that are owned by the current user.

• CONSTRAINT_CATALOG, CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA, CONSTRAINT_NAME uniquely identify a Domain Constraint owned by the current user.

• DOMAIN_CATALOG, DOMAIN_SCHEMA, DOMAIN_NAME uniquely identify the Domain that uses the Constraint.

• IS_DEFERRABLE is either ‘YES’ (the Constraint is DEFERRABLE) or ‘NO’ (the Constraint is NOT DEFERRABLE).

• INITIALLY_DEFERRED is either ‘YES’ (the Constraint is INITIALLY DEFERRED) or ‘NO’ (the Constraint is INITIALLY IMMEDIATE).

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.DOMAIN_CONSTRAINTS.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.DOMAIN_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_USAGE

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
DOMAIN_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
DOMAIN_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
DOMAIN_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no

DOMAIN_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_USAGE shows the Domains that depend on UDTs in this Catalog, where the UDT is owned by the current user.

• USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME uniquely identify a UDT owned by the current user.

• DOMAIN_CATALOG, DOMAIN_SCHEMA, DOMAIN_NAME uniquely identify a Domain that uses the UDT.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.DOMAIN_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_USAGE.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ENABLED_ROLES

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
ROLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no

ENABLED_ROLES shows the enabled roles for the current SQL-session.

• ROLE_NAME uniquely identifies an enabled Role.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ENABLED_ROLES.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
CONSTRAINT_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CONSTRAINT_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
COLUMN_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
ORDINAL_POSITION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	no

KEY_COLUMN_USAGE shows the Columns in this Catalog that are keys in Constraints owned by the current user.

• CONSTRAINT_CATALOG, CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA, CONSTRAINT_NAME uniquely identify a Constraint owned by the current user.

• TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME uniquely identify a Column that is a key in the Constraint.

• ORDINAL_POSITION is the position of the Column within the Constraint.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.METHOD_SPECIFICATION

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
METHOD_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
METHOD_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
METHOD_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
DATA_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
COLLATION_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
COLLATION_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
COLLATION_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
NUMERIC_PRECISION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
NUMERIC_SCALE	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
DATETIME_PRECISION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
INTERVAL_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
INTERVAL_PRECISION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
RETURN_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
RETURN_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
RETURN_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
METHOD_LANGUAGE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
PARAMETER_STYLE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
IS_DETERMINISTIC	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
SQL_DATA_ACCESS	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
IS_NULL_CALL	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
METHOD_SIGNATURE_CREATED	TIME_STAMP	yes
METHOD_SIGNATURE_LAST_ALTERED	TIME_STAMP	yes

METHOD_SIGNATURES shows the SQL-invoked routines in this Catalog that the current user has Privileges on.

• USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME, METHOD_CATALOG, METHOD_SCHEMA, METHOD_NAME uniquely identify a SQL-invoked routine that the current user may use.

• DATA_TYPE shows the routine’s result <data type>: either ‘BINARY LARGE OBJECT’, ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’, ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’, ‘REAL’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’, ‘BOOLEAN’, ‘USER-DEFINED TYPE’ – or something else, such as an implementation-defined data type.

• CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH shows the routine’s result maximum length in characters (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’) or in bits (for ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘BINARY LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH is NULL.

• CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH shows the routine’s result maximum length in octets (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’, ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘BINARY LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH is NULL.

• COLLATION_CATALOG, COLLATION_SCHEMA, COLLATION_NAME uniquely identify the routine’s result default Collation (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, these fields are NULL.

• NUMERIC_PRECISION shows the routine’s result precision (for ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’, ‘REAL’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’). For other <data type>s, NUMERIC_PRECISION is NULL.

• NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX is either 2 or 10, depending on your DBMS (for ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’), 10 (for ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’), 2 (for ‘REAL’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’. For other <data type>s, NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX is NULL.

• NUMERIC_SCALE is either 0 (for ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’) or shows the routine’s result scale (for ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’). For other <data type>s, NUMERIC_SCALE is NULL.

• DATETIME_PRECISION shows the routine’s result fractional-seconds precision (for ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’). For other <data type>s, DATETIME_PRECISION is NULL.

• INTERVAL_TYPE shows the routine’s result interval type (for ‘INTERVAL’): either ‘YEAR’, ‘MONTH’, ‘DAY’, ‘HOUR’, ‘MINUTE’, ‘SECOND’, ‘YEAR TO MONTH’, ‘DAY TO HOUR’, ‘DAY TO MINUTE’, ‘DAY TO SECOND’, ‘HOUR TO MINUTE’, ‘HOUR TO SECOND’, ‘MINUTE TO SECOND’. For other <data type>s, INTERVAL_TYPE is NULL.

• SQL_DATA_ACCESS is either ‘NONE’ (the SQL-invoked routine does not possibly contain SQL), ‘CONTAINS’ (the SQL-invoked routine possibly contains SQL), ‘READS’ (the SQL-invoked routine possibly reads SQL-data) or ‘MODIFIES’ (the SQL-invoked routine possibly modifies SQL-data).

• IS_NULL_CALL is either ‘YES’ (the SQL-invoked routine is a null-call

• function) or ‘NO’ (the SQL-invoked routine is not a null-call function).

• METHOD_SIGNATURE_CREATED shows the CURRENT_TIMESTAMP from the time

• the SQL-invoked method signature was created.

• METHOD_SIGNATURE_LAST_ALTERED shows the CURRENT_TIMESTAMP from the time the SQL-invoked method signature was last altered. (This will be the same as the METHOD_SIGNATURE_CREATED value if the routine hasn’t been altered.)

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.METHOD_SIGNATURES.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.METHOD_SIGNATURE_PARAMETERS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
METHOD_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
METHOD_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
METHOD_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
ORDINAL_POSITION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	no
PARAMETER_MODE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
IS_RESULT	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
AS_LOCATOR	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
PARAMETER_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
DATA_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
COLLATION_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
COLLATION_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
COLLATION_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CHARACTER_SET_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
NUMERIC_PRECISION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
NUMERIC_SCALE	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
DATETIME_PRECISION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
INTERVAL_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
INTERVAL_PRECISION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes

METHOD_SIGNATURE_PARAMETERS shows the parameters of the SQL-invoked methods in this Catalog that the current user has Privileges on.

• USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME uniquely identify the UDT that a parameter is associated with.

• METHOD_CATALOG, METHOD_SCHEMA, METHOD_NAME uniquely identify the SQL-invoked method that contains the parameter.

• ORDINAL_POSITION shows the ordinal position of the parameter in its SQL-invoked method.

• PARAMETER_MODE is either ‘IN’ (the parameter is an input parameter), ‘OUT’ (the parameter is an output parameter) or ‘INOUT’ (the parameter is both an input and an output parameter).

• IS_RESULT is either ‘YES’ (the parameter is the RESULT parameter of a type-preserving function) or ‘NO’ (the parameter is not the RESULT parameter of a type-preserving function).

• AS_LOCATOR is either ‘YES’ (the parameter is passed AS LOCATOR) or ‘NO’ (the parameter is not passed AS LOCATOR).

• PARAMETER_NAME is the name of the parameter, if it was specified when the SQL-invoked routine was created. Otherwise, PARAMETER_NAME is NULL.

• DATA_TYPE shows the parameter’s <data type>: either ‘BINARY LARGE OBJECT’, ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’, ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’, ‘REAL’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’, ‘BOOLEAN’, ‘USER-DEFINED TYPE’ – or something else, such as an implementation-defined data type.

• CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH shows the parameter’s maximum length in characters (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’) or in bits (for ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘BINARY LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH is NULL.

• CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH shows the parameter’s maximum length in octets (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’, ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘BINARY LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH is NULL.

• COLLATION_CATALOG, COLLATION_SCHEMA, COLLATION_NAME uniquely identify the parameter’s default Collation (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, these fields are NULL.

• CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG, CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA, CHARACTER_SET_NAME uniquely identify the Character set on which the parameter’s default Collation is defined.

• NUMERIC_PRECISION shows the parameter’s precision (for ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’, ‘REAL’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’). For other <data type>s, NUMERIC_PRECISION is NULL.

• NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX is either 2 or 10, depending on your DBMS (for ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’), 10 (for ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’), 2 (for ‘REAL’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’. For other <data type>s, NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX is NULL.

• NUMERIC_SCALE is either 0 (for ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’) or shows the parameter’s scale (for ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’). For other <data type>s, NUMERIC_SCALE is NULL.

• DATETIME_PRECISION shows the parameter’s fractional-seconds precision (for ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’). For other <data type>s, DATETIME_PRECISION is NULL.

• INTERVAL_TYPE shows the parameter’s interval type (for ‘INTERVAL’); either ‘YEAR’, ‘MONTH’, ‘DAY’, ‘HOUR’, ‘MINUTE’, ‘SECOND’, ‘YEAR TO MONTH’, ‘DAY TO HOUR’, ‘DAY TO MINUTE’, ‘DAY TO SECOND’, ‘HOUR TO MINUTE’, ‘HOUR TO SECOND’, ‘MINUTE TO SECOND’. For other <data type>s, INTERVAL_TYPE is NULL.

• INTERVAL_PRECISION shows the parameter’s precision for the interval leading field (for ‘INTERVAL’). For other <data type>s, INTERVAL_PRECISION is NULL.

• USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME uniquely identify the UDT that the parameter uses. If no UDT is used, this field is NULL.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.METHOD_SIGNATURE_PARAMETERS.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARAMETERS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
SPECIFIC_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SPECIFIC_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SPECIFIC_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
ORDINAL_POSITION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	no
PARAMETER_MODE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
IS_RESULT	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
AS_LOCATOR	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
PARAMETER_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
DATA_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
COLLATION_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
COLLATION_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
COLLATION_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CHARACTER_SET_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
NUMERIC_PRECISION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
NUMERIC_SCALE	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
DATETIME_PRECISION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
INTERVAL_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
INTERVAL_PRECISION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes

PARAMETERS shows the parameters of the SQL-invoked routines in this Catalog that the current user has Privileges on.

• SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA, SPECIFIC_NAME uniquely

• identify the SQL-invoked routine that contains the parameter being described.

• ORDINAL_POSITION shows the ordinal position of the parameter in its

• SQL-invoked routine.

• PARAMETER_MODE is either ‘IN’ (the parameter is an input parameter), ‘OUT’ (the parameter is an output parameter) or ‘INOUT’ (the parameter is both an input and an output parameter).

• IS_RESULT is either ‘YES’ (the parameter is the RESULT parameter of a type-preserving function) or ‘NO’ (the parameter is not the RESULT parameter of a type-preserving function).

• AS_LOCATOR is either ‘YES’ (the parameter is passed AS LOCATOR)

• or ‘NO’ (the parameter is not passed AS LOCATOR).

• PARAMETER_NAME is the name of the parameter, if it was specified when the

• SQL-invoked routine was created. Otherwise, PARAMETER_NAME is NULL.

• DATA_TYPE shows the parameter’s <data type>: either ‘BINARY LARGE OBJECT’, ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’, ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’, ‘REAL’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’, ‘BOOLEAN’, ‘USER-DEFINED #TYPE’ – or something else, such as an implementation-defined data type.

• CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH shows the parameter’s maximum length in characters (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’) or in bits (for ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘BINARY LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH is NULL.

• CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH shows the parameter’s maximum length in octets (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’, ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘BINARY LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH is NULL.

• COLLATION_CATALOG, COLLATION_SCHEMA, COLLATION_NAME uniquely identify the parameter’s default Collation (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, these fields are NULL.

• CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG, CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA, CHARACTER_SET_NAME uniquely identify the Character set on which the parameter’s default Collation is defined.

• NUMERIC_PRECISION shows the parameter’s precision (for ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’, ‘REAL’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’). For other <data type>s, NUMERIC_PRECISION is NULL.

• NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX is either 2 or 10, depending on your DBMS (for ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’), 10 (for ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’), 2 (for ‘REAL’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’. For other <data type>s, NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX is NULL.

• NUMERIC_SCALE is either 0 (for ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’) or shows the parameter’s scale (for ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’). For other <data type>s, NUMERIC_SCALE is NULL.

• DATETIME_PRECISION shows the parameter’s fractional-seconds precision (for ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’). For other <data type>s, DATETIME_PRECISION is NULL.

• INTERVAL_TYPE shows the parameter’s interval type (for ‘INTERVAL’): either ‘YEAR’, ‘MONTH’, ‘DAY’, ‘HOUR’, ‘MINUTE’, ‘SECOND’, ‘YEAR TO MONTH’, ‘DAY TO HOUR’, ‘DAY TO MINUTE’, ‘DAY TO SECOND’, ‘HOUR TO MINUTE’, ‘HOUR TO SECOND’, ‘MINUTE TO SECOND’. For other <data type>s, INTERVAL_TYPE is NULL.

• INTERVAL_PRECISION shows the parameter’s precision for the interval leading field (for ‘INTERVAL’). For other <data type>s, INTERVAL_PRECISION is NULL.

• USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME uniquely identify the UDT that the parameter uses. If no UDT is used, this field is NULL.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
CONSTRAINT_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CONSTRAINT_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
MATCH_OPTION	CHARACTER_DATA	no
UPDATE_RULE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
DELETE_RULE	CHARACTER_DATA	no

REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS shows the FOREIGN KEY Constraints in this Catalog, where the Constraints are owned by the current user.

• CONSTRAINT_CATALOG, CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA, CONSTRAINT_NAME uniquely

• identify a FOREIGN KEY Constraint owned by the current user.

• UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_CATALOG, CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA, UNIQUE_CONSTRAINT_NAME uniquely identify the UNIQUE Constraint or PRIMARY KEY Constraint that contains the key which this FOREIGN KEY Constraint references.

• MATCH_OPTION will be one of: ‘NONE’ (no match type defined), ‘PARTIAL’ (match type of PARTIAL defined) or ‘FULL’ (match type of FULL defined).

• UPDATE_RULE shows the referential action that will take place on UPDATE: either ‘CASCADE’ (referential action of CASCADE defined), ‘SET NULL’ (referential action of SET NULL defined), ‘SET DEFAULT’ (referential action of SET DEFAULT defined), ‘RESTRICT' (referential action of RESTRICT defined) or ‘NO ACTION’ (referential action of NO ACTION defined).

• DELETE_RULE shows the referential action that will take place on DELETE: either ‘CASCADE’ (referential action of CASCADE defined), ‘SET NULL’ (referential action of SET NULL defined), ‘SET DEFAULT’ (referential action of SET DEFAULT defined), ‘RESTRICT' (referential action of RESTRICT defined) or ‘NO ACTION’ (referential action of NO ACTION defined).

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROLE_COLUMN_GRANTS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
GRANTOR	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
GRANTEE	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
COLUMN_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
PRIVILEGE_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no

ROLE_COLUMN_GRANTS shows the Privileges on Columns in this Catalog that currently enabled Roles may use.

• GRANTOR shows the <AuthorizationID> of the user (or perhaps the Role) who granted this Privilege.

• GRANTEE shows the <AuthorizationID> of the Role that may use the Privilege.

• TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME uniquely identify the Column to which the Privilege applies.

• PRIVILEGE_TYPE shows the Privilege granted: either ‘INSERT’, ‘UPDATE’, ‘REFERENCES’ or ‘SELECT’.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROLE_COLUMN_GRANTS.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROLE_ROUTINE_GRANTS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
GRANTOR	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
GRANTEE	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SPECIFIC_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SPECIFIC_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SPECIFIC_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
PRIVILEGE_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
IS_GRANTABLE	CHARACTER_DATA	no

ROLE_ROUTINE_GRANTS shows the Privileges on SQL-invoked routines in this Catalog that currently enabled Roles may use.

• GRANTOR shows the <AuthorizationID> of the user (or perhaps the Role) who granted this EXECUTE Privilege.

• GRANTEE shows the <AuthorizationID> of the Role that may use the Privilege.

• SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA, SPECIFIC_NAME uniquely identify the SQL-invoked routine to which the Privilege applies.

• PRIVILEGE_TYPE shows the Privilege granted: ‘EXECUTE’.

• IS_GRANTABLE is either ‘YES’ (Privilege was granted WITH GRANT OPTION) or ‘NO’ (Privilege was not granted WITH GRANT OPTION).

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROLE_ROUTINE_GRANTS.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROLE_TABLE_GRANTS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
GRANTOR	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
GRANTEE	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
PRIVILEGE_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no

ROLE_TABLE_GRANTS shows the Privileges on Tables in this Catalog that currently enabled Roles may use.

• GRANTOR shows the <AuthorizationID> of the user (or perhaps the Role) who

• granted this Privilege.

• GRANTEE shows the <AuthorizationID> of the Role that may use the

• Privilege.

• TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME uniquely identify the

• Table to which the Privilege applies.

• PRIVILEGE_TYPE shows the Privilege granted: either ‘DELETE’,

• ‘INSERT’, ‘UPDATE’, ‘REFERENCES’, ‘TRIGGER’ or ‘SELECT’.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROLE_TABLE_GRANTS.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROLE_USAGE_GRANTS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
GRANTOR	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
GRANTEE	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
OBJECT_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
OBJECT_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
OBJECT_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
OBJECT_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
IS_GRANTABLE	CHARACTER_DATA	no

ROLE_USAGE_GRANTS shows the USAGE Privileges on Objects in this Catalog that currently enabled Roles may use.

• GRANTOR shows the <AuthorizationID> of the user (or perhaps the Role) who

• granted this Privilege.

• GRANTEE shows the <AuthorizationID> of the Role that may use the

• Privilege.

• OBJECT_CATALOG, OBJECT_SCHEMA, OBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_TYPE uniquely identify the Object – either a Domain, Character set, Collation or Translation – that the Role may use.

• IS_GRANTABLE is either ‘YES’ (Privilege was granted WITH GRANT OPTION) or ‘NO’ (Privilege was not granted WITH GRANT OPTION).

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROLE_USAGE_GRANTS.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROLE_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_GRANTS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
GRANTOR	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
GRANTEE	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
PRIVILEGE_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
IS_GRANTABLE	CHARACTER_DATA	no

ROLE_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_GRANTS shows the Privileges on UDTs in this Catalog that currently enabled Roles may use.

• GRANTOR shows the <AuthorizationID> of the user (or perhaps the Role) who granted this Privilege.

• GRANTEE shows the <AuthorizationID> of the Role that may use the Privilege.

• USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME uniquely identify the UDT the Role may use.

• PRIVILEGE_TYPE shows the Privilege granted: ‘TYPE USAGE’.

• IS_GRANTABLE is either ‘YES’ (Privilege was granted WITH GRANT OPTION) or ‘NO’ (Privilege was not granted WITH GRANT OPTION).

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROLE_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_GRANTS.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
SPECIFIC_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SPECIFIC_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SPECIFIC_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
ROUTINE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
ROUTINE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
ROUTINE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
ROUTINE_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
MODULE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
MODULE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
MODULE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
DATA_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
COLLATION_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
COLLATION_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
COLLATION_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
NUMERIC_PRECISION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
NUMERIC_SCALE	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
DATETIME_PRECISION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
INTERVAL_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
INTERVAL_PRECISION	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
TYPE_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
TYPE_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
TYPE_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
ROUTINE_BODY	CHARACTER_DATA	no
ROUTINE_DEFINITION	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
EXTERNAL_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
EXTERNAL_LANGUAGE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
PARAMETER_STYLE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
IS_DETERMINISTIC	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
SQL_DATA_ACCESS	CHARACTER_DATA	no
SQL_PATH	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
SCHEMA_LEVEL_ROUTINE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
MAX_DYNAMIC_RESULT_SETS	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
ROUTINE_CREATED	TIME_STAMP	yes
ROUTINE_LAST_ALTERED	TIME_STAMP	yes

ROUTINES shows the SQL-invoked routines in this Catalog that the current user has Privileges on.

• SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA, SPECIFIC_NAME, ROUTINE_CATALOG, ROUTINE_SCHEMA, ROUTINE_NAME uniquely identify an SQL-invoked routine that the current user has Privileges on. Among the routines in this View, you will find all the functions which your DBMS defined in advance: the SQL built-in functions, e.g.: ABS, BIT_LENGTH, CHARACTER_LENGTH, CHAR_LENGTH, LOWER, MOD, OCTET_LENGTH, POSITION, SUBSTRING, UPPER.

• ROUTINE_TYPE is either ‘PROCEDURE’ (the SQL-invoked routine is an SQL-invoked procedure), ‘FUNCTION’ (the SQL-invoked routine is an SQL-invoked function that is not an SQL-invoked method) or ‘METHOD’ (the SQL-invoked routine is an SQL-invoked method).

• MODULE_CATALOG, MODULE_SCHEMA, MODULE_NAME are all NULL.

• USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME uniquely identify the UDT that this SQL-invoked routine is a method of. If the routine is not defined as a method of a UDT, these fields are NULL.

• DATA_TYPE shows the routine’s result <data type>: either ‘BINARY LARGE OBJECT’, ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’, ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’, ‘REAL’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’, ‘BOOLEAN’, ‘USER-DEFINED TYPE’ – or something else, such as an implementation-defined data type.

• CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH shows the routine’s result maximum length in characters (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’) or in bits (for ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘BINARY LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH is NULL.

• CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH shows the routine’s result maximum length in octets (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’, ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘BINARY LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, CHARACTER_OCTET_LENGTH is NULL.

• COLLATION_CATALOG, COLLATION_SCHEMA, COLLATION_NAME uniquely identify the routine’s result default Collation (for ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CHARACTER LARGE OBJECT’). For other <data type>s, these fields are NULL.

• NUMERIC_PRECISION shows the routine’s result precision (for ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’, ‘REAL’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’). For other <data type>s, NUMERIC_PRECISION is NULL.

• NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX is either 2 or 10, depending on your DBMS (for ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’), 10 (for ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’), 2 (for ‘REAL’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’. For other <data type>s, NUMERIC_PRECISION_RADIX is NULL.

• NUMERIC_SCALE is either 0 (for ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’) or shows the routine’s result scale (for ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’). For other <data type>s, NUMERIC_SCALE is NULL.

• DATETIME_PRECISION shows the routine’s result fractional-seconds precision (for ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL’). For other <data type>s, DATETIME_PRECISION is NULL.

• INTERVAL_TYPE shows the routine’s result interval type (for ‘INTERVAL’): either ‘YEAR’, ‘MONTH’, ‘DAY’, ‘HOUR’, ‘MINUTE’, ‘SECOND’, ‘YEAR TO MONTH’, ‘DAY TO HOUR’, ‘DAY TO MINUTE’, ‘DAY TO SECOND’, ‘HOUR TO MINUTE’, ‘HOUR TO SECOND’, ‘MINUTE TO SECOND’. For other <data type>s, INTERVAL_TYPE is NULL.

• INTERVAL_PRECISION shows the routine’s result precision for the interval leading field (for ‘INTERVAL’). For other <data type>s, INTERVAL_PRECISION is NULL.

• TYPE_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG, TYPE_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA, TYPE_USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME uniquely identify a UDT that the routine uses. If no UDT is used, these fields are NULL.

• SCOPE_CATALOG, SCOPE_SCHEMA, SCOPE_NAME uniquely identify the routine´s scope. If the routine has no scope, these fields are NULL.

• ROUTINE_BODY is either ‘SQL’ (the SQL-invoked routine is an SQL routine) or ‘EXTERNAL’ (the SQL-invoked routine is an external routine).

• If this SQL-invoked routine is an SQL routine that is not part of an SQL-server Module definition, ROUTINE_DEFINITION shows the routine body. If the routine body was too big to be stored, or if this is not an SQL routine that doesn’t belong to an SQL-server Module definition, ROUTINE_DEFINITION is NULL.

• If this SQL-invoked routine is an external routine (i.e.: ROUTINE_BODY is ‘EXTERNAL’), EXTERNAL_NAME shows its external name. If ROUTINE_BODY is ‘SQL’, EXTERNAL_NAME is NULL.

• If this SQL-invoked routine is an external routine (i.e.: ROUTINE_BODY is ‘EXTERNAL’), EXTERNAL_LANGUAGE shows the language it’s written in: either ‘ADA’, ‘C’, ‘COBOL’, ‘FORTRAN’, ‘MUMPS’, ‘PASCAL’ or ‘PLI’. If ROUTINE_BODY is ‘SQL’, EXTERNAL_LANGUAGE is NULL.

• If this SQL-invoked routine is an external routine (i.e.: ROUTINE_BODY is ‘EXTERNAL’), PARAMETER_STYLE shows its SQL parameter passing style: either ‘SQL’ or ‘GENERAL’. If ROUTINE_BODY is ‘SQL’, PARAMETER_STYLE is NULL.

• If this SQL-invoked routine is an external routine (i.e.: ROUTINE_BODY is ‘EXTERNAL’), IS_DETERMINISTIC is either ‘YES’ (routine was defined as DETERMINISTIC) or ‘NO’ (routine was not defined as DETERMINISTIC). If ROUTINE_BODY is ‘SQL’, IS_DETERMINISTIC is NULL.

• SQL_DATA_ACCESS is either ‘NONE’ (the SQL-invoked routine does not possibly contain SQL), ‘CONTAINS’ (the SQL-invoked routine possibly contains SQL), ‘READS’ (the SQL-invoked routine possibly reads SQL-data) or ‘MODIFIES’ (the SQL-invoked routine possibly modifies SQL-data).

• If this SQL-invoked routine is an SQL routine, SQL_PATH shows the SQL-path of the Schema that contains it. Otherwise, SQL_PATH is NULL.

• SCHEMA_LEVEL_ROUTINE is either ‘YES’ (this is a Schema-level routine) or ‘NO’ (this is not a Schema-level routine).

• If this is an SQL-invoked procedure that was defined by an SQL-invoked routine containing a <maximum dynamic result sets> clause in its definition, MAX_DYNAMIC_RESULT_SETS shows that value. Otherwise, MAX_DYNAMIC_RESULT_SETS is zero.

• IS_USER_DEFINED_CAST is either ‘YES’ (the routine is a user-defined cast) or ‘NO’ (the routine is not a user-defined cast).

• IS_IMPLICIT_INVOCABLE is eiter ‘YES’ (the routine can be implicitly invoked) or ‘NO’ (the routine cannot be implicitly invoked) or NULL (the routine is not a user-defined cast).

• ROUTINE_CREATED shows the CURRENT_TIMESTAMP from the time this SQL-invoked routine was created.

• ROUTINE_LAST_ALTERED shows the CURRENT_TIMESTAMP from the time this SQL-invoked routine was last altered. (This will be the same as the ROUTINE_CREATED value if the routine hasn’t been altered.)

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINE_COLUMN_USAGE

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
SPECIFIC_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SPECIFIC_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SPECIFIC_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
ROUTINE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
ROUTINE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
ROUTINE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
TABLE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
COLUMN_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no

ROUTINE_COLUMN_USAGE shows the Columns on which SQL-invoked routines in this Catalog depend, where the Columns are owned by the current user.

• SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA, SPECIFIC_NAME, ROUTINE_CATALOG, ROUTINE_SCHEMA, ROUTINE_NAME uniquely identify an SQL-invoked routine.

• TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME uniquely identify a Column that is owned by the current user and upon which this routine depends.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINE_COLUMN_USAGE.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINE_PRIVILEGES

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
GRANTOR	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
GRANTEE	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SPECIFIC_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SPECIFIC_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SPECIFIC_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
ROUTINE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
ROUTINE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
ROUTINE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
PRIVILEGE_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
IS_GRANTABLE	CHARACTER_DATA	no

ROUTINE_PRIVILEGES shows the Privileges on SQL-invoked routines in this Catalog, where the Privileges are either available to, or granted by, the current user.

• GRANTOR shows the <AuthorizationID> of the user (or perhaps the Role) who granted the Privilege.

• GRANTEE shows the <AuthorizationID> of the user (or perhaps the Role) who may use the Privilege. By definition, if GRANTOR isn’t CURRENT_USER, then GRANTEE is either CURRENT_USER or ‘PUBLIC’.

• SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA, SPECIFIC_NAME, ROUTINE_CATALOG, ROUTINE_SCHEMA, ROUTINE_NAME uniquely identify the SQL-invoked routine that this Privilege applies to.

• PRIVILEGE_TYPE shows the Privilege granted: ‘EXECUTE’.

• IS_GRANTABLE is either ‘YES’ (Privilege was granted WITH GRANT OPTION) or ‘NO’ (Privilege was not granted WITH GRANT OPTION).

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINE_TABLE_USAGE

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
SPECIFIC_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SPECIFIC_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SPECIFIC_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
ROUTINE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
ROUTINE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
ROUTINE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
TABLE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no

ROUTINE_TABLE_USAGE shows the Tables on which SQL-invoked routines in this Catalog depend, where the Tables are owned by the current user.

• SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA, SPECIFIC_NAME, ROUTINE_CATALOG, ROUTINE_SCHEMA, ROUTINE_NAME uniquely identify an SQL-invoked routine in this Catalog.

• TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME uniquely identify a Table that is owned by the current user and upon which this routine depends.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINE_TABLE_USAGE.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SCHEMATA

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
CATALOG_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SCHEMA_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SCHEMA_OWNER	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SQL_PATH	CHARACTER_DATA	yes

SCHEMATA shows the Schemas in this Catalog that are owned by the current user.

• CATALOG_NAME, SCHEMA_NAME uniquely identify a Schema owned by the user.

• SCHEMA_OWNER shows the <AuthorizationID> of the current user. This was the Schema owner specified in the Schema definition.

• DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG, DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA, DEFAULT_CHARACTER_SET_NAME uniquely identify the Character set that was specified by a DEFAULT CHARACTER SET clause in the Schema definition. This is the default Character set for the Columns and Domains belonging to this Schema.

• SQL_PATH shows the contents of the Schema definition’s PATH clause, if there was one. If PATH was omitted, or if its value was too large to be stored, SQL_PATH is NULL.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SQL_FEATURES

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
FEATURE_ID	CHARACTER_DATA	no
FEATURE_NAME	CHARACTER_DATA	no
SUB_FEATURE_ID	CHARACTER_DATA	no
SUB_FEATURE_NAME	CHARACTER_DATA	no
IS_SUPPORTED	CHARACTER_DATA	no
IS_VERIFIED_BY	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
FEATURE_COMMENTS	CHARACTER_DATA	yes

SQL_FEATURES shows all the SQL Standard-defined features and subfeatures (see Appendix B – SQL Taxonomy for a list of these), and marks the ones your DBMS supports.

• FEATURE_ID, SUB_FEATURE_ID uniquely identify an SQL feature or subfeature. If SUB_FEATURE_ID is zero, this is a feature; otherwise this is a subfeature.

• FEATURE_NAME is the name assigned to the feature by the Standard.

• SUB_FEATURE_NAME is the name assigned to the subfeature by the Standard. If SUB_FEATURE_NAME is a zero-length string, this is a feature; otherwise this is a subfeature.

• IS_SUPPORTED is either ‘YES’ (the DBMS fully supports this feature/subfeature) or ‘NO’ (the DBMS doesn’t fully support this feature/subfeature). Note: if IS_SUPPORTED is ‘YES’ for a feature, then it must also be ‘YES’ for every subfeature of that feature.

• If your DBMS has had its conformance claim for this feature/subfeature independently tested, IS_VERIFIED_BY identifies the conformance test used to verify the claim. If no such verification exists, IS_VERIFIED_BY is NULL. (Note: if IS_SUPPORTED is ‘NO’ or NULL, IS_VERIFIED_BY must be NULL.)

• FEATURE_COMMENTS is either NULL, or shows any implementer’s comments that are pertinent to this feature/subfeature.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SQL_FEATURES.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SQL_IMPLEMENTATION_INFO

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
IMPLEMENTATION_INFO_ID	CHARACTER_DATA	no
IMPLEMENTATION_INFO_NAME	CHARACTER_DATA	no
INTEGER_VALUE	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
CHARACTER_VALUE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
IMPLEMENTATION_INFO_COMMENTS	CHARACTER_DATA	yes

SQL_IMPLEMENTATION_INFO lists all the information items that the SQL Standard states are “implementor-defined” and shows your DBMS’s defined value for each one.

• IMPLEMENTATION_INFO_ID uniquely identifies an implementor-defined information item.

• IMPLEMENTATION_INFO_NAME shows the name for this IMPLEMENTATION_INFO_ID.

• INTEGER_VALUE and CHARACTER_VALUE show your DBMS’s defined value for this item. Depending on the item’s type, one field will contain a value and the other will be NULL. If INTEGER_VALUE is zero, or CHARACTER_VALUE is a zero-length string, then your DBMS’s value for this item is not known. If both fields are NULL, then the value for this item is not applicable for your DBMS, probably because the feature is not supported.

• IMPLEMENTATION_INFO_COMMENTS is either NULL, or shows any implementer’s comments that are pertinent to this item.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SQL_IMPLEMENTATION_INFO.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SQL_PACKAGES

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
FEATURES_ID	CHARACTER DATA	no
FEATURE_NAME	CHARACTER DATA	no
IS_SUPPORTED	CHARACTER DATA	no
IS_VERIFIED_BY	CHARACTER DATA	yes
FEATURE_COMMENTS	CHARACTER DATA	yes

SQL_PACKAGES shows all the features that make up an SQL Standard-defined SQL package (see Chapter 1 “Introduction” for a list of these) and marks that ones your DBMS supports.

• FEATURE_ID uniquely identifies an SQL feature that is part of a package.

• FEATURE_NAME is the name assigned to the feature by the Standart.

• IS_SUPPORTED is either ‘YES’ (the DBMS fully supports this feature) or ‘NO’ (the DBMS doesn´t fully support this feature).

• If your DBMS has had its conformance claim for this feature independently tested, IS_VERIFIED_BY identifies the conformance test used to verify the claim. If no such verification exists, IS_VERIFIED_BY is NULL. (Note: if IS_SUPPORTED is ‘NO’ or NULL, IS_VERIFIED_BY must be NULL.)

• FEATURE_COMMENTS is either NULL or shows any implementor´s comments that are perinent to this feature.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SQL_SIZING

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
SIZING_ID	CARDINAL_NUMBER	no
SIZING_NAME	CHARACTER_DATA	no
SUPPORTED_VALUE	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
SIZING_COMMENTS	CHARACTER_DATA	yes

SQL_SIZING lists all the sizing items defined in the SQL Standard and shows the size supported by your DBMS for each one.

• SIZING_ID uniquely identifies a sizing item defined in the SQL Standard.

• SIZING_NAME shows the name for this SIZING_ID.

• SUPPORTED_VALUE shows the maximum size your DBMS supports for this item. If SUPPORTED_VALUE is NULL, then your DBMS doesn’t support any features that use this item. If SUPPORTED_VALUE is zero, then your DBMS either doesn’t place a limit on this item or can’t determine the item’s limit.

• SIZING_COMMENTS is either NULL, or shows any implementer’s comments that are pertinent to this item.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SQL_SIZING.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SQL_SIZING_PROFILES

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
SIZING_ID	CARDINAL_NUMBER	no
SIZING_NAME	CHARACTER_DATA	no
PROFILE_ID	CHARACTER_DATA	no
REQUIRED_VALUE	CARDINAL_NUMBER	yes
SIZING_PROFILES_COMMENTS	CHARACTER_DATA	yes

SQL_SIZING_PROFILES lists all the sizing items defined in the SQL Standard and shows the size required by one or more profiles of the Standard.

• SIZING_ID, PROFILE_ID uniquely identify a sizing item for a given profile.

• SIZING_NAME is the name for this SIZING_ID.

• REQUIRED_VALUE shows the minimum size that this profile requires for this item. If REQUIRED_VALUE is NULL, then the item isn’t used by any features supported by this profile. If REQUIRED_VALUE is zero, then this profile doesn’t set a limit for the item. SIZING_PROFILES_COMMENTS is either NULL, or shows any implementer’s comments that are pertinent to this item within this profile.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SQL_SIZING_PROFILES.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SQL_LANGUAGES

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
SQL_LANGUAGE_SOURCE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
SQL_LANGUAGE_YEAR	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
SQL_LANGUAGE_CONFORMANCE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
SQL_LANGUAGE_INTEGRITY	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
SQL_LANGUAGE_IMPLEMENTATION	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
SQL_LANGUAGE_BINDING_STYLE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
SQL_LANGUAGE_PROGRAMMING_LANGUAGE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes

SQL_LANGUAGES shows the SQL conformance levels, options and dialects supported by your DBMS.

• SQL_LANGUAGE_SOURCE shows the name of the source of your DBMS’s SQL language definition. For SQL defined by the SQL Standard, this is ‘ISO 9075’. If your DBMS supports some other version of SQL, SQL_LANGUAGE_SOURCE must show some implementation-defined value, as must all of the Columns in this View. We’ll ignore this possibility when discussing the rest of the Columns.

• SQL_LANGUAGE_YEAR shows the year that the supported version of the SQL Standard was approved: either ‘1987’, ‘1989’, ‘1992’ or ‘1998’. It may not be NULL.

• SQL_LANGUAGE_CONFORMANCE shows the level of SQL Standard conformance your DBMS claims: for ‘1987’ and ‘1989’, either ‘1’ or ‘2'; for ‘1992’, either ‘ENTRY’, ‘INTERMEDIATE’ or ‘FULL'; and for ‘1998’, ‘CORE’. It may not be NULL.

• SQL_LANGUAGE_INTEGRITY shows whether the 1989 SQL Standard integrity features are fully supported by your DBMS: for ‘1989’, either ‘YES’ (SQL-89 integrity features fully supported) or ‘NO’ (SQL-89 integrity features not fully supported); it may not be NULL. For ‘1987’, ‘1992’ and ‘1998’, SQL_LANGUAGE_INTEGRITY must be NULL.

• SQL_LANGUAGE_IMPLEMENTATION is NULL if SQL_LANGUAGE_SOURCE is ‘ISO 9075’. If your DBMS supports some other version of SQL, SQL_LANGUAGE_IMPLEMENTATION shows some implementation-defined value.

• SQL_LANGUAGE_BINDING_STYLE shows the binding style supported by your DBMS: either ‘MODULE’ (SQL-client Module support), ‘EMBEDDED' (embedded SQL support) or ‘DIRECT’ (direct SQL invocation support). It may not be NULL. Note: if your DBMS supports more than one binding style, there will be a separate row in the View for each one.

• SQL_LANGUAGE_PROGRAMMING_LANGUAGE shows the host language supported by your DBMS for this binding style: (a) for ‘DIRECT’, this Column is NULL; (b) for ‘1987’ and ‘1989’ and either ‘EMBEDDED’ or ‘MODULE’, either ‘COBOL’, ‘FORTRAN’, ‘PASCAL’ or ‘PLI' and (c) for ‘1992’ and either ‘EMBEDDED’ or ‘MODULE’, either ‘ADA’, ‘C’, ‘COBOL’, ‘FORTRAN’, ‘MUMPS’, ‘PASCAL’ or ‘PLI’. Note: if your DBMS supports more than one host language for this binding style, there will be a separate row in the View for each one.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
TABLE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no

TABLES shows the Tables (i.e.: Base tables and Views) in this Catalog that the current user has Privileges on.

• TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME uniquely identify a Table which the current user may use – i.e.: CURRENT_USER (or PUBLIC) has any Privilege on the Table or on any Column of the Table.

• TABLE_TYPE is either: ‘BASE TABLE’ (for a persistent Base table), ‘VIEW’ (for a View), ‘LOCAL TEMPORARY’ (for a local temporary Table) or ‘GLOBAL TEMPORARY’ (for a global temporary Table). Note: instead of ‘BASE TABLE’ some DBMSs will return ‘TABLE’ because (for some reason or other) Delphi expects ‘TABLE’ here.

• SELF_REFERENCING_COLUMN_NAME shows the name of the Table´s self-referencing Column. If the Table has no self-referencing Column, this field is NULL.

• REFERNECE_GENERATION is either ‘SYSTEM GENERATED’ (reference types are system generated) or ‘USER GENERATED’ (refernece types are user generated) or ‘DERIVED’ (reference types are derived from corresponding Columns) or NULL (reference types don´t apply to this Table.)

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
CONSTRAINT_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CONSTRAINT_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CONSTRAINT_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
IS_DEFERRABLE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
INITIALLY_DEFERRED	CHARACTER_DATA	no

TABLE_CONSTRAINTS shows the Table Constraints in this Catalog, where the Constraints are owned by the current user.

• CONSTRAINT_CATALOG, CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA, CONSTRAINT_NAME uniquely identify a Constraint owned by the current user.

• TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME uniquely identify the Table to which this Constraint applies.

• CONSTRAINT_TYPE is either: ‘UNIQUE’, ‘PRIMARY KEY’, ‘FOREIGN KEY’ or ‘CHECK’.

• IS_DEFERRABLE is either ‘YES’ (the Constraint is DEFERRABLE) or ‘NO’ (the Constraint is NOT DEFERRABLE).

• INITIALLY_DEFERRED is either ‘YES’ (the Constraint is INITIALLY DEFERRED) or ‘NO’ (the Constraint is INITIALLY IMMEDIATE).

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_METHOD_RIVILEGES

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
GRANTOR	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
GRANTEE	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
PRIVILEGE_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
IS_GRANTABLE	CHARACTER_DATA	no

TABLE_METHOD_PRIVILEGES shows the EXECUTE Privileges on methods in this Catalog, where the Privileges are either available to, or granted by, the current user.

• GRANTOR shows the <AuthorizationID> of the user (or perhaps the Role) who granted the Privilege.

• GRANTEE shows the <AuthorizationID> of the user (or perhaps the Role) who may use the Privilege. By definition, if GRANTOR isn’t CURRENT_USER, then GRANTEE is either CURRENT_USER or ‘PUBLIC’.

• TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME uniquely identify a Table in this Catalog.

• PRIVILEGE_TYPE shows the Privilege granted: either ‘INSERT’, ‘UPDATE’, ‘REFERENCES’, ‘DELETE’, ‘TRIGGER’ or ‘SELECT’.

• IS_GRANTABLE is either ‘YES’ (Privilege was granted WITH GRANT OPTION) or ‘NO’ (Privilege was not granted WITH GRANT OPTION).

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_PRIVILEGES.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_PRIVILEGES

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
GRANTOR	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
GRANTEE	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
PRIVILEGE_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
IS_GRANTABLE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
WITH_HIERARCHY	CHARACTER_DATA	yes

TABLE_PRIVILEGES shows the Privilege on Tables in this Catalog, where the Privileges are either avaliable to, or granted by, the current user.

• GRANTOR shows the <AuthorizationID> who granted the Privilege.

• GRANTEE shows the <AuthorizationID> who may use the Privilege. By definition, if GRANTOR isn’t CURRENT_USER, then GRANTEE is either CURRENT_USER or ‘PUBLIC’.

• TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME uniquely identify a Table in this Catalog.

• PRIVILEGES_TYPE shows the Privilege granted: either ‘INSERT’, ‘UPDATE’, ‘REFERENCES’, ‘DELETE’, ‘TRIGGER’, or ‘SELECT’.

• IS_GRANTABLE is either ‘YES’ (Privilege was granted WITH GRANT OPTION) or ‘NO’ (Privilege was not granted WITH GRANT OPTION).

• WITH_HIERARCHY is ‘YES’ (this is a SELECT Privilege granted WITH WITH_HIERARCHY OPTION) or ‘NO’ (this is a SELECT Privilege that was not granted WITH HIERARCHY OPTION) or NULL (this is not a SELECT Privilege).

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TRANSFORMS.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TRANSFORMS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SPECIFIC_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
SPECIFIC_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
SPECIFIC_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
GROUP_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TRANSFORM_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no

TRANSFORMS shows the transforms on UDTs in this Catalog, where the transforms may be used by the current user.

• USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME uniquely identify the UDT to which this transform applies.

• SPECIFIC_CATALOG, SPECIFIC_SCHEMA, SPECIFIC_NAME uniquely identify the SQL-invoked routine that acts as the transform function for this transform.

• GROUP_NAME is the name of the transform group.

• TRANSFORM_TYPE is either: ‘TO SQL’ (the transform is a to-sql function) or ‘FROM SQL’ (the transform is a from-sql function).

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TRANSFORMS.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TRANSLATIONS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
TRANSLATION_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TRANSLATION_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TRANSLATION_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SOURCE_CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SOURCE_CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
SOURCE_CHARACTER_SET_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TARGET_CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TARGET_CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TARGET_CHARACTER_SET_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TRANSLATION_DEFINITION	CHARACTER_DATA	no

TRANSLATIONS shows the Translations in this Catalog that the current user has Privileges on.

• TRANSLATION_CATALOG, TRANSLATION_SCHEMA, TRANSLATION_NAME uniquely identify a Translation that the current user may use.

• SOURCE_CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG, SOURCE_CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA, SOURCE_CHARACTER_SET_NAME uniquely identify the Character set named in the FOR clause of the Translation definition.

• TARGET_CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG, TARGET_CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA, TARGET_CHARACTER_SET_NAME uniquely identify the Character set named in the TO clause of the Translation definition.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TRANSLATIONS.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TRIGGERED_UPDATE_COLUMNS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
TRIGGER_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TRIGGER_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TRIGGER_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
EVENT_OBJECT_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
EVENT_OBJECT_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
EVENT_OBJECT_TABLE	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
EVENT_OBJECT_COLUMN	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no

TRIGGERED_UPDATE_COLUMNS shows the Columns in this Catalog that are referenced by the explicit UPDATE trigger event Columns of a Trigger in this Catalog, where the Trigger is owned by the current user.

• TRIGGER_CATALOG, TRIGGER_SCHEMA, TRIGGER_NAME uniquely identify a Trigger with a trigger event of UPDATE. The Trigger is owned by the current user.

• EVENT_OBJECT_CATALOG, EVENT_OBJECT_SCHEMA, EVENT_OBJECT_TABLE, EVENT_OBJECT_COLUMN uniquely identify a Column that is affected by the Trigger.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TRIGGERS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
TRIGGER_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TRIGGER_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TRIGGER_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
EVENT_MANIPULATION	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
EVENT_OBJECT_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
EVENT_OBJECT_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
EVENT_OBJECT_TABLE	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CONDITION_TIMING	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
CONDITION_REFERENCE_OLD_TABLE	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
CONDITION_REFERENCE_NEW_TABLE	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
ACTION_ORDER	CARDINAL_NUMBER	no
ACTION_CONDITION	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
ACTION_STATEMENT	CHARACTER_DATA	no
ACTION_ORIENTATION	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
COLUMN_LIST_IS_IMPLICIT	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes

TRIGGERS shows the Triggers in this Catalog, where the Triggers are owned by the current user.

• TRIGGER_CATALOG, TRIGGER_SCHEMA, TRIGGER_NAME uniquely identify a Trigger that is owned by the current user.

• EVENT_MANIPULATION is either: ‘INSERT’ (the trigger event is INSERT), ‘DELETE’ (the trigger event is DELETE) or ‘UPDATE' (the trigger event is UPDATE).

• EVENT_OBJECT_CATALOG, EVENT_OBJECT_SCHEMA, EVENT_OBJECT_TABLE uniquely identify the Table the Trigger acts on.

• ACTION_ORDER shows the ordinal position of the triggered action in the list of all Triggers on the same Table, where the Triggers have the same EVENT_MANIPULATION, CONDITION_TIMING and ACTION_ORIENTATION values.

• ACTION_CONDITION shows the Trigger’s search condition for its triggered action.

• ACTION_STATEMENT shows the Trigger’s statement list for its triggered action.

• ACTION_ORIENTATION is either: ‘ROW’ (the trigger action is FOR EACH ROW) or ‘STATEMENT’ (the trigger action is FOR EACH STATEMENT).

• CONDITION_TIMING is either: ‘BEFORE’ (the trigger action time is BEFORE) or ‘AFTER’ (the trigger action time is AFTER).

• CONDITION_REFERENCE_OLD_TABLE shows the <old value correlation name> of the Trigger.

• CONDITION_REFERENCE_NEW_TABLE shows the <new value correlation name> of the Trigger.

• CONDITION_TIMING is either: ‘BEFORE’ (the trigger action time is BEFORE) or ‘AFTER’ (the trigger action time is AFTER).

• CONDITION_REFERENCE_OLD_TABLE shows the <old value correlation name> of the Trigger.

• CONDITION_REFERENCE_NEW_TABLE shows the <new value correlation name> of the Trigger.

• TRIGGER_CREATED shows the CURRENT_TIMESTAMP from the time the Trigger was created.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TRIGGER_COLUMN_USAGE

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
TRIGGER_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TRIGGER_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TRIGGER_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
COLUMN_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no

TRIGGER_COLUMN_USAGE shows the Columns on which Triggers in this Catalog depend, where the Triggers are owned by the current user.

• TRIGGER_CATALOG, TRIGGER_SCHEMA, TRIGGER_NAME uniquely identify a Trigger that is owned by the current user. The Trigger’s trigger event is either ‘INSERT’ or ‘DELETE’.

• TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME uniquely identify a Column that this Trigger depends on. The dependence is created by one of two things: either (a) this Column belongs to a Table named in the search condition of this Trigger’s triggered action clause or (b) this Column, or the Table it belongs to, is referred to in a triggered SQL statement of this Trigger’s definition.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TRIGGER_COLUMN_USAGE.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TRIGGER_TABLE_USAGE

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
TRIGGER_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TRIGGER_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TRIGGER_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no

TRIGGER_TABLE_USAGE shows the Tables on which Triggers in this Catalog depend, where the Triggers are owned by the current user.

• TRIGGER_CATALOG, TRIGGER_SCHEMA, TRIGGER_NAME uniquely identify a Trigger that is owned by the current user.

• TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME uniquely identify a Table that this Trigger depends on. The dependence is created by one of two things: either (a) this Table is named in the search condition of this Trigger’s triggered action clause or (b) this Table is referred to in a triggered SQL statement of this Trigger’s definition.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TYPE_INFO

[NON-PORTABLE] The total number of Views in INFORMATION_SCHEMA is non-standard because the SQL Standard allows vendors to add additional Views to describe additional, implementation-defined features. [OCELOT Implementation] The OCELOT DBMS that comes with this book has one non- standard INFORMATION_SCHEMA View, called INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TYPE_INFO. The Standard defines TYPE_INFO as a temporary make-believe Table, in order to make the CLI SQLGetTypeInfo Catalog function more comprehensible. We decided that, since TYPE_INFO is effectively a metadata Table, it makes sense to describe TYPE_INFO here, rather than in our chapter on SQL/CLI Catalog functions. Though you can’t simply select from TYPE_INFO with most DBMSs, you can select the same information using the CLI.

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Data Type	Nullable?
TYPE_NAME	VARCHAR(128)	no
DATA_TYPE	SMALLINT	no
COLUMN_SIZE	INTEGER	yes
LITERAL_PREFIX	VARCHAR(128)	yes
LITERAL_SUFFIX	VARCHAR(128)	yes
CREATE_PARAMS	VARCHAR(128)	yes
NULLABLE	SMALLINT	no
CASE_SENSITIVE	SMALLINT	no
SEARCHABLE	SMALLINT	no
UNSIGNED_ATTRIBUTE	SMALLINT	yes
FIXED_PREC_SCALE	SMALLINT	no
AUTO_UNIQUE_VALUE	SMALLINT	no
LOCAL_TYPE_NAME	VARCHAR(128)	yes
MINIMUM_SCALE	INTEGER	yes
MAXIMUM_SCALE	INTEGER	yes
SQL_DATA_TYPE	SMALLINT	no
SQL_DATETIME_SUB	SMALLINT	yes
NUM_PREC_RADIX	INTEGER	yes
INTERVAL_PRECISION	SMALLINT	yes

TYPE_INFO shows a description of every SQL predefined <data type> that the DBMS supports.

• TYPE_NAME shows the name of this <data type>, either: ‘CHARACTER’ (or ‘CHAR’), ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’ (or ‘DEC’), ‘INTEGER’ (or ‘INT’), ‘SMALLINT’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘REAL’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’ (or ‘VARCHAR’ or ‘CHAR VARYING’), ‘CLOB’, ‘CLOB LOCATOR’, ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘REF’, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL YEAR’, ‘INTERVAL MONTH’, ‘INTERVAL DAY’, ‘INTERVAL HOUR’, ‘INTERVAL MINUTE’, ‘INTERVAL SECOND’, ‘INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH’, ‘INTERVAL DAY TO HOUR’, ‘INTERVAL DAY TO MINUTE’, ‘INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND’, ‘INTERVAL HOUR TO MINUTE’, ‘INTERVAL HOUR TO SECOND’ or ‘INTERVAL MINUTE TO SECOND’, ‘BLOB’, ‘BLOB LOCATOR’, ‘ROW TYPE’, ‘ARRAY’, ‘ARRAY LOCATOR’, ‘BOOLEAN’, ‘USER-DEFINED TYPE’, ‘USER-DEFINED TYPE LOCATOR’. Most implementations give the name in upper case and use the full name, e.g.: ‘DECIMAL’ or ‘INTEGER’ rather than ‘DEC’ or ‘INT’. Sometimes an SQL <data type> can map to several data types. For example, the ‘NUMERIC’ <data type> might also be called ‘MONEY’ or ‘SERIAL’. In that case, it’s implementation-defined whether TYPE_INFO will contain only one row, or several rows, to describe this <data type.

• DATA_TYPE shows the Concise Code Value for this <data type>. These values are as follows:

  • For ‘CHARACTER’ the code is: 1.

  • For ‘NUMERIC’ the code is: 2.

  • For ‘DECIMAL’ the code is: 3.

  • For ‘INTEGER’ the code is: 4.

  • For ‘SMALLINT’ the code is: 5.

  • For ‘FLOAT’ the code is: 6.

  • For ‘REAL’ the code is: 7.

  • For ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’ the code is: 8.

  • For ‘CHARACTER VARYING’ the code is: 12.

  • For ‘BIT’ the code is: 14.

  • For ‘BIT VARYING’ the code is: 15.

  • For ‘BOOLEAN’ the code is: 16.

  • For ‘USER-DEFINED TYPE’ the code is: 17.

  • For ‘USER-DEFINED TYPE LOCATOR’ the code is: 18.

  • For ‘ROW TYPE’ the code is: 19.

  • For ‘REF’ the code is: 20.

  • For ‘BLOB’ the code is: 30.

  • For ‘BLOB LOCATOR’ the code is: 31.

  • For ‘CLOB’ the code is: 40.

  • For ‘CLOB LOCATOR’ the code is: 41.

  • For ‘ARRAY’ the code is: 50.

  • For ‘ARRAY LOCATOR’ the code is: 51.

  • For ‘DATE’ the code is: 91.

  • For ‘TIME’ the code is: 92.

  • For ‘TIMESTAMP’ the code is: 93.

  • For ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’ the code is: 94.

  • For ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’ the code is: 95.

  • For ‘INTERVAL YEAR’ the code is: 101.

  • For ‘INTERVAL MONTH’ the code is: 102.

  • For ‘INTERVAL DAY’ the code is: 103.

  • For ‘INTERVAL HOUR’ the code is: 104.

  • For ‘INTERVAL MINUTE’ the code is: 105.

  • For ‘INTERVAL SECOND’ the code is: 106.

  • For ‘INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH’ the code is: 107.

  • For ‘INTERVAL DAY TO HOUR’ the code is: 108.

  • For ‘INTERVAL DAY TO MINUTE’ the code is: 109.

  • For ‘INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND’ the code is: 110.

  • For ‘INTERVAL HOUR TO MINUTE’ the code is: 111.

  • For ‘INTERVAL HOUR TO SECOND’ the code is: 112.

  • For ‘INTERVAL MINUTE TO SECOND’ the code is: 113.

• COLUMN_SIZE shows the size of this <data type>, not including the size of the literal prefix or the literal suffix.

  • For ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’ and ‘CLOB’ the size is the maximum possible length in characters supported by the DBMS.

  • For ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’, ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘REAL’ and ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’ the size is the maximum possible precision supported by the DBMS.

  • For ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’ and ‘BLOB’ the size is the maximum possible length in bits supported by the DBMS.

  • For ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’ and all the ‘INTERVAL’ types the size is the maximum possible length in positions supported by the DBMS. ‘DATE’ is always 10, ‘TIME’ must be at least 15, ‘TIMESTAMP’ must be at least 26, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’ must be at least 21, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’ must be at least 32, ‘INTERVAL YEAR’ must be at least 4, ‘INTERVAL MONTH’, ‘INTERVAL DAY’, ‘INTERVAL HOUR’ and ‘INTERVAL MINUTE’ must be at least 2, ‘INTERVAL SECOND’ must be at least 9, ‘INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH’ must be at least 7, ‘INTERVAL DAY TO HOUR’, ‘INTERVAL DAY TO MINUTE’ and ‘INTERVAL HOUR TO MINUTE' must be at least 5, ‘INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND’, ‘INTERVAL HOUR TO SECOND’ and ‘INTERVAL MINUTE TO SECOND’ must be at least 12.

  • For all other types the size is the null value.

• LITERAL_PREFIX shows the character string that must precede any literal of this <data type>. If no prefix string is required, LITERAL_PREFIX is NULL.

  • For ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’ and ‘CLOB’ the prefix is: ‘ (i.e.: a single quote mark).

  • For ‘BIT’ and ‘BIT VARYING’ the prefix is: either X’ or B’.

  • For ‘BLOB’ the prefix is X’.

  • For ‘DATE’ the prefix is: ‘DATE’.

  • For ‘TIME’ and ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’ the prefix is: ‘TIME’.

  • For ‘TIMESTAMP’ and ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’ the prefix is: ‘TIMESTAMP’.

  • For all the ‘INTERVAL’ types the prefix is: ‘INTERVAL’.

  • For all other types the prefix is the null value.

• LITERAL_SUFFIX shows the character string that must follow any literal of this <data type>. If no suffix string is required, LITERAL_SUFFIX is NULL.

  • For ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CLOB’, ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’, ‘BLOB’, ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP’ and ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’ the suffix is: ‘ (i.e.: a single quote mark).

  • For ‘INTERVAL YEAR’ the suffix is: ‘YEAR.

  • For ‘INTERVAL MONTH’ the suffix is: ‘MONTH.

  • For ‘INTERVAL DAY’ the suffix is: ‘DAY.

  • For ‘INTERVAL HOUR’ the suffix is: ‘HOUR.

  • For ‘INTERVAL MINUTE’ the suffix is: ‘MINUTE.

  • For ‘INTERVAL SECOND’ the suffix is: ‘SECOND.

  • For ‘INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH’ the suffix is: ‘YEAR TO MONTH.

  • For ‘INTERVAL DAY TO HOUR’ the suffix is: ‘DAY TO HOUR.

  • For ‘INTERVAL DAY TO MINUTE’ the suffix is: ‘DAY TO MINUTE.

  • For ‘INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND’ the suffix is: ‘DAY TO SECOND.

  • For ‘INTERVAL HOUR TO MINUTE’ the suffix is: ‘HOUR TO MINUTE.

  • For ‘INTERVAL HOUR TO SECOND’ the suffix is: ‘HOUR TO SECOND.

  • For ‘INTERVAL MINUTE TO SECOND’ the suffix is: ‘MINUTE TO SECOND.

  • For all other types the suffix is the null value.

• CREATE_PARAMS is a list of the names (in order, separated by commas) of size-related attributes which can be used in specifications for this <data type>. If no options exist for this <data type>, CREATE_PARAMS is NULL. The possible names are: ‘LENGTH’ (for length), ‘PRECISION’ (for numeric precision, interval leading field precision and fractional seconds precision) or ‘SCALE’ (for numeric scale).

  • For ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CLOB’, ‘BIT’, ‘BIT VARYING’ and ‘BLOB’, CREATE_PARAMS is ‘LENGTH’.

  • For ‘NUMERIC’ and ‘DECIMAL’, CREATE_PARAMS is ‘PRECISION,SCALE’.

  • For ‘FLOAT’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, TIMESTAMP’ and ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, CREATE_PARAMS is ‘PRECISION’.

  • For ‘INTERVAL YEAR’, ‘INTERVAL MONTH’, ‘INTERVAL DAY’, ‘INTERVAL HOUR’, ‘INTERVAL MINUTE’, ‘INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH’, ‘INTERVAL DAY TO HOUR’, ‘INTERVAL DAY TO MINUTE’ and ‘INTERVAL HOUR TO MINUTE’, CREATE_PARAMS is ‘PRECISION’.

  • For ‘INTERVAL SECOND’, ‘INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND’, ‘INTERVAL HOUR TO SECOND’ and ‘INTERVAL MINUTE TO SECOND’, CREATE_PARAMS is ‘PRECISION,PRECISION’.

  • For all other types, CREATE_PARAMS is the null value.

• NULLABLE shows whether this <data type> may contain NULLs. It is either: ‘0’ (“false”) if the <data type> may not contain NULLs, ‘1’ (“true”) if the <data type> might contain NULLs, or ‘2' (“nullable unknown”) if it isn’t known whether the <data type> might contain NULLs. In Standard SQL, NULLABLE is always ‘1’ for all predefined <data type>s.

• CASE_SENSITIVE shows, for the ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING' and ‘CLOB’ <data type>s, whether the default collation of the <data type>’s repertoire is case sensitive. If this is so, CASE_SENSITIVE is ‘1' (“true”). If this is not so, and for all other <data type>s, CASE_SENSITIVE is ‘0’.

• SEARCHABLE is comprised of two values, and shows the type of predicates that values of this <data type> may be used with. If values based on this <data type> may be used with LIKE, the first value is: ‘1'; if they can’t, the first value is: ‘0’ . If values based on this <data type> may be used with ordinary predicates, the second value is: ‘2'; if they can’t, the second value is: ‘0’. The two values are added together, thus SEARCHABLE is either: ‘0’, ‘1’, ‘2’ OR ‘3’ for all <data type>s.

  • For ‘CHARACTER’, ‘CHARACTER VARYING’, ‘CLOB’ and ‘BLOB’, SEARCHABLE is: ‘3’, i.e.: ‘1’ for ‘works with LIKE’ plus ‘2’ for ‘works with ordinary predicates’.

  • For all other predefined <data type>s, SEARCHABLE is: ‘2’, i.e.: ‘0’ for ‘doesn’t work with LIKE’ plus ‘2’ for ‘works with ordinary predicates’.

  • UNSIGNED_ATTRIBUTE shows whether this <data type> is a signed type. It is either: ‘0’ for a signed type, ‘1’ for an unsigned type or NULL for all non-numeric types.

  • For ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’, ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘REAL’, ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’ and all the ‘INTERVAL' types, UNSIGNED_ATTRIBUTE is: ‘0’.

  • For ‘ARRAY LOCATOR’, ‘BLOB LOCATOR’, ‘CLOB LOCATOR’ and ‘USER-DEFINED TYPE LOCATOR’, UNSIGNED_ATTRIBUTE is: ‘1’.

  • For all other types, UNSIGNED_ATTRIBUTE is the null value.

• FIXED_PREC_SCALE shows whether this <data type> is an exact numeric type with a fixed precision and scale. It is: ‘1’ (“true”) for ‘INTEGER' and ‘SMALLINT’ and ‘0’ (“false”) for all other <data type>s. (In Standard SQL, FIXED_PREC_SCALE is ‘0’ for ‘DECIMAL’ and ‘NUMERIC’ because these <data type>s have user-specifiable precision and scale.)

• AUTO_UNIQUE_VALUE shows, for this <data type>, whether any new row is guaranteed to be unique when it is inserted; it is either: ‘0’ (“false”) or ‘1’ (“true”). There is no Standard SQL <data type> like this – for all predefined SQL <data type>s, AUTO_UNIQUE_VALUE is: ‘0’ – but many implementations have it, naming it something like ‘SERIAL’. Watch out: just because it’s unique when you INSERT, doesn’t mean it remains unique after you UPDATE.

• [NON-PORTABLE] LOCAL_TYPE_NAME shows an implementation-defined “localized representation” of this <data type>’s TYPE_NAME value. This could mean that the Albanian term for ‘CHARACTER VARYING’ would appear here; your DBMS should output what would be appropriate in a dialog box. For Standard SQL names, LOCAL_TYPE_NAME and TYPE_NAME would usually be the same. [OCELOT Implementation] The OCELOT DBMS that comes with this book shows the same name in both the TYPE_NAME and the LOCAL_TYPE_NAME Columns for all <data type>s.

• MINIMUM_SCALE shows the minimum possible value of the scale (for <data type>s that have one) or the minimum possible value of a fractional seconds precision (for <data types> that have one). For <data type>s that have neither, MINIMUM_SCALE is NULL.

  • For ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’, ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL SECOND’, ‘INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND’, ‘INTERVAL HOUR TO SECOND’ and ‘INTERVAL MINUTE TO SECOND’, MINIMUM_SCALE is: ‘0’.

  • For all other types, MINIMUM_SCALE is the null value.

• MAXIMUM_SCALE shows your DBMS’s maximum possible value of the scale (for <data type>s that have one) or the maximum possible value of a fractional seconds precision (for <data types> that have one). For <data type>s that have neither, MAXIMUM_SCALE is NULL.

  • For ‘INTEGER’ and ‘SMALLINT’, MAXIMUM_SCALE is ‘0’.

  • [NON-PORTABLE] For ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL SECOND’, ‘INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND’, ‘INTERVAL HOUR TO SECOND’ and ‘INTERVAL MINUTE TO SECOND’, MAXIMUM_SCALE is implementation-defined. [OCELOT Implementation] The OCELOT DBMS that comes with this book shows these maximum scale values:

    • For ‘NUMERIC’ and ‘DECIMAL’, MAXIMUM_SCALE is ‘38’.

    • For ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’, ‘INTERVAL SECOND’, ‘INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND’, ‘INTERVAL HOUR TO SECOND’ and ‘INTERVAL MINUTE TO SECOND’, MAXIMUM_SCALE is ‘6’.

  • For all other types, MAXIMUM_SCALE is the null value.

• SQL_DATA_TYPE shows the SQL Data Type Code value. This will be the same as the DATA_TYPE value for all non-temporal <data type>s. There is a correspondence with the SQL_DESC_TYPE field of a descriptor.

  • For ‘CHARACTER’ the code is: ‘1’.

  • For ‘NUMERIC’ the code is: ‘2’.

  • For ‘DECIMAL’ the code is: ‘3’.

  • For ‘INTEGER’ the code is: ‘4’.

  • For ‘SMALLINT’ the code is: ‘5’.

  • For ‘FLOAT’ the code is: ‘6’.

  • For ‘REAL’ the code is: ‘7’.

  • For ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’ the code is: ‘8’.

  • For ‘CHARACTER VARYING’ the code is: ‘12’.

  • For ‘BIT’ the code is: ‘14’.

  • For ‘BIT VARYING’ the code is: ‘15’.

  • For ‘REF’ the code is: ‘20’.

  • For ‘DATE’, ‘TIME’, ‘TIMESTAMP’, ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’ and ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’ the code is: ‘9’.

  • For all the ‘INTERVAL’ types the code is: ‘10’.

• SQL_DATETIME_SUB shows the SQL_DATA-TYPE subtype for the temporal <data type>s. For all the non-temporal <data type>s, this field is NULL.

  • For ‘DATE’ the code is: ‘1’.

  • For ‘TIME’ the code is: ‘2’.

  • For ‘TIMESTAMP’ the code is: ‘3’.

  • For ‘TIME WITH TIME ZONE’ the code is: ‘4’.

  • For ‘TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE’ the code is: ‘5’.

  • For ‘INTERVAL YEAR’ the code is: ‘1’.

  • For ‘INTERVAL MONTH’ the code is: ‘2’.

  • For ‘INTERVAL DAY’ the code is: ‘3’.

  • For ‘INTERVAL HOUR’ the code is: ‘4’.

  • For ‘INTERVAL MINUTE’ the code is: ‘5’.

  • For ‘INTERVAL SECOND’ the code is: ‘6’.

  • For ‘INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH’ the code is: ‘7’.

  • For ‘INTERVAL DAY TO HOUR’ the code is: ‘8’.

  • For ‘INTERVAL DAY TO MINUTE’ the code is: ‘9’.

  • For ‘INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND’ the code is: ‘10’.

  • For ‘INTERVAL HOUR TO MINUTE’ the code is: ‘11’.

  • For ‘INTERVAL HOUR TO SECOND’ the code is: ‘12’.

  • For ‘INTERVAL MINUTE TO SECOND’ the code is: ‘13’.

• NUM_PREC_RADIX shows your DBMS’s radix of the precision for this <data type> (if there is one). If there is no precision, this field is NULL. For exact numeric <data type>s, the precision’s radix will almost always be 10 (indeed for ODBC it must be 10), but some implementations declare that SMALLINT and INTEGER have binary radices, om whoch case COLUMN_SIZE would be respectively 15 and 31 (the number does not include the sign bit). For approximate numeric <data type>s, the precision’s radix will usually be 2.

  • [NON-PORTABLE] For ‘NUMERIC’, ‘DECIMAL’, ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘REAL’ and ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’, NUM_PREC_RADIX is implementation-defined. [OCELOT Implementation] The OCELOT DBMS that comes with this book shows these radix values:

    • For ‘NUMERIC’ and ‘DECIMAL’, NUM_PREC_RADIX is: ‘10’.

    • For ‘INTEGER’, ‘SMALLINT’, ‘FLOAT’, ‘REAL’ and ‘DOUBLE PRECISION’, NUM_PREC_RADIX is: ‘2’.

    • For all other types, NUM_PREC_RADIX is the null value.

• INTERVAL_PRECISION shows your DBMS’s interval leading field precision for an INTERVAL <data type>. If this is not an INTERVAL, INTERVAL_PRECISION is NULL.

• [NON-PORTABLE] For all the ‘INTERVAL’ types, INTERVAL_PRECISION is implementation-defined. [OCELOT Implementation] The OCELOT DBMS that comes with this book shows these interval precision values:

  • For ‘INTERVAL YEAR’ and ‘INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH, INTERVAL PRECISION is: ‘4’.

  • For all other ‘INTERVAL’ types, INTERVAL_PRECISION is: ‘2’.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.USAGE_PRIVILEGES

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
GRANTOR	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
GRANTEE	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
OBJECT_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
OBJECT_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
OBJECT_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
OBJECT_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
PRIVILEGE_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
IS_GRANTABLE	CHARACTER_DATA	no

USAGE_PRIVILEGES shows the USAGE Privileges on Objects (i.e.: Domains, Character sets, Collations or Translations) in this Catalog, where the Privileges are either available to, or granted by, the current user.

• GRANTOR shows the <AuthorizationID> of the user (or perhaps the Role) who granted the Privilege.

• GRANTEE shows the <AuthorizationID> of the user (or perhaps the Role) who may use the Privilege. By definition, if GRANTOR isn’t CURRENT_USER, then GRANTEE is either CURRENT_USER or ‘PUBLIC’.

• OBJECT_CATALOG, OBJECT_SCHEMA, OBJECT_NAME, OBJECT_TYPE uniquely identify an Object in this Catalog. OBJECT_TYPE is either: ‘DOMAIN’, ‘CHARACTER SET’, ‘COLLATION’ or ‘TRANSLATION’.

• PRIVILEGE_TYPE shows the Privilege granted: ‘USAGE’.

• IS_GRANTABLE is either ‘YES’ (Privilege was granted WITH GRANT OPTION) or ‘NO’ (Privilege was not granted WITH GRANT OPTION).

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.USAGE_PRIVILEGES.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.USER_DEFINED_TYPE_PRIVILEGES

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
GRANTOR	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
GRANTEE	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
PRIVILEGE_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
IS_GRANTABLE	CHARACTER_DATA	no

USER_DEFINED_TYPE_PRIVILEGES shows the TYPE USAGE Privileges on UDTs in this Catalog, where the Privileges are either available to, or granted by, the current user.

• GRANTOR shows the <AuthorizationID> of the user (or perhaps the Role) who granted the Privilege.

• GRANTEE shows the <AuthorizationID> of the user (or perhaps the Role) who may use the Privilege. By definition, if GRANTOR isn’t CURRENT_USER, then GRANTEE is either CURRENT_USER or ‘PUBLIC’.

• USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME uniquely identify a UDT in this Catalog.

• PRIVILEGE_TYPE shows the Privilege granted: ‘TYPE USAGE’.

• IS_GRANTABLE is either ‘YES’ (Privilege was granted WITH GRANT OPTION) or ‘NO’ (Privilege was not granted WITH GRANT OPTION).

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.USER_DEFINED_TYPE_PRIVILEGES.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.USER_DEFINED_TYPES

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
CATEGORY	CHARACTER_DATA	no
IS_INSTANTIABLE	CHARACTER_DATA	no
IS_FINAL	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
ORDERING_FORM	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
ORDERING_CATEGORY	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
ORDERING_ROUTINE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
ORDERING_ROUTINE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
ORDERING_ROUTINE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	yes
REFERENCE_TYPE	CHARACTER_DATA	yes

USER_DEFINED_TYPES shows the UDTs in this Catalog that the current user has Privileges on.

• USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME uniquely identify a UDT in this Catalog that the current user has Privileges on.

• USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATEGORY is: ‘USER-DEFINED TYPE’.

• USER_DEFINED_TYPE_ORDER is either: ‘ORDER FULL’ (two values of this UDT may be compared for equality or relative order) or ‘EQUALS ONLY’ (two values of this UDT may be compared only for equality).

• USER_DEFINED_TYPE_EQUALS_CATALOG, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_EQUALS_SCHEMA, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_EQUALS_NAME uniquely identify the specific name of the EQUALS function for this UDT.

• USER_DEFINED_TYPE_RELATIVE_CATALOG, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_RELATIVE_SCHEMA, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_RELATIVE_NAME uniquely identify the specific name of the RELATIVE function for this UDT.

• USER_DEFINED_TYPE_HASH_CATALOG, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_HASH_SCHEMA, USER_DEFINED_TYPE_HASH_NAME uniquely identify the specific name of the HASH function for this UDT.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.USER_DEFINED_TYPES.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEWS

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
TABLE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
VIEW_DEFINITION	CHARACTER_DATA	yes
CHECK_OPTION	CHARACTER_DATA	no
IS_UPDATABLE	CHARACTER_DATA	no

VIEWS shows the Views in this Catalog that the current user has Privileges on.

• TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME uniquely identify a View that the current user may use.

• VIEW_DEFINITION shows the query specification that defines the View. If the expression was too big to be stored, or if the current user doesn’t own TABLE_SCHEMA, then VIEW_DEFINITION is NULL.

• CHECK_OPTION is either: ‘CASCADED’ (the View definition has a WITH CASCADED CHECK OPTION clause), ‘LOCAL’ (the View definition has a WITH LOCAL CHECK OPTION clause) or ‘NONE’ (the View definition has no CHECK OPTION clause).

• IS_UPDATABLE is either: ‘YES’ (the View definition simply contains an updatable query specification) or ‘NO’ (the View definition simply contains a query specification that isn’t updatable). If IS_UPDATABLE is ‘NO’, then CHECK_OPTION must be ‘NONE’.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEW_COLUMN_USAGE

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
VIEW_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
VIEW_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
VIEW_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
COLUMN_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no

VIEW_COLUMN_USAGE shows the Columns on which Views in this Catalog depend, where the Views are owned by the current user.

• VIEW_CATALOG, VIEW_SCHEMA, VIEW_NAME uniquely identify a View

• that is owned by the current user.

• TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_NAME uniquely identify a Column which is (explicitly or implicitly) referred to in this View’s query specification.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEW_COLUMN_USAGE.

INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEW_TABLE_USAGE

This View has the following Columns:

Name	Domain	Nullable?
VIEW_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
VIEW_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
VIEW_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_CATALOG	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_SCHEMA	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no
TABLE_NAME	SQL_IDENTIFIER	no

VIEW_TABLE_USAGE shows the Tables on which Views in this Catalog depend, where the Views are owned by the current user.

• VIEW_CATALOG, VIEW_SCHEMA, VIEW_NAME uniquely identify a View that is owned by the current user.

• TABLE_CATALOG, TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME uniquely identify a Table which is referred to in this View’s query specification.

If you want to restrict your code to Core SQL, do not reference INFORMATION_SCHEMA.VIEW_TABLE_USAGE.